中国传统写人理论之脉络及其谱系性

The Context and Genealogy of Chinese Traditional Theory of Characterization

中国传统写人理论始则散落于史论、诗论、画论中,与叙事、抒情等文艺理论相伴而行;后来在小说戏曲评点、评论中得以被广泛借用、运用,并走向成熟。在其演进成长过程中,看似散乱不显的写人理论却是存在脉承气象,突出表现为它大致贯穿着“赋比兴”诗法与“传神写照”画法等构象脉络。在发扬史学之“劝惩”及“春秋笔法”、诗学之“意象”以及画学之“形神心”观念的基础上,中国写人理论还显示出以“尽意”为灵魂的谱系性。凭着若隐若现的演进、传承有序的脉络,中国传统写人理论显示出强健的谱系性和有效性,有望在全球化文艺理论方法建设进程中独当一面、别树一帜。

The Chinese traditional theory of characterization was first seen in the theory of history,poetry and painting,accompanied by the theory of literature and art such as narration and lyricism.Later,it was widely used and matured in the comments on novels and operas.Chinese traditional theory of characterization,which seems to be fragmentary and obscure,is in fact in the same context in its evolution growth processes,which stands out such conformation veins as running through the poetic method of“Fu Bi Xing”,the painting method of“vivid portrayal”,etc.On the basis of carrying forward“persuasion and punishment”and the“Spring and Autumn Brushwork”of the science of history,the“image”of poetics and the“form,spirit and mind”of painting,Chinese traditional theory of character description also shows the genealogy that runs through taking the“full meaning”as the soul.With the subtle evolution and orderly inheritance,Chinese traditional theory of characterization shows strong pedigree and effectiveness,and is expected to hold its own stage and be unique in the process of globalization of literary theory and method construction.