钍钨电极生产过程中的放射性污染防控研究

Research about prevention and control of radioactive contamination in the production of Thorium-Tungsten electrode

目的分析钍钨电极生产过程中产生的放射性污染,确定生产场所和生产过程中的辐射污染水平,为生产全过程辐射环境管理,最大限度地减少放射性污染对工作人员和环境的影响提供依据。方法首先对完整的钍钨电极生产工艺进行分析,然后以某典型钍钨电极生产企业为例,对其辐射工作场所进行了辐射污染环境检测,就辐射污染源项、放射性污染管理要点以及辐射污染防治措施等方面进行了分析。结果各工作场所γ空气吸收剂量率的实测最大检测值为0.32μGy/h。各工作台面的α表面污染水平最大检测值为17.75 Bq/cm^2,β表面污染水平最大检测值为35.55 Bq/cm^2。各岗位工作人员工作服及手套α表面污染水平最大值为0.38 Bq/cm^2;β表面污染水平最大值为4.00 Bq/cm^2。结论钍钨电极生产场所在落实辐射安全管理制度和辐射安全防护各项措施的情况下,对周围环境以及职业工作人员和公众人员产生的辐射污染是可控的。

Objective To analyze the radioactive contamination in the process of Thorium-Tungsten electrode production,and to determine the level of radiation contamination in the production site and the production process,which provides a basis for the radiation environment management in the whole production process and the minimization of radioactive contamination damage to workers and the environment.Methods Firstly,the complete production process of Thorium-Tungsten electrode was analyzed.Then,a typical Thorium-Tungsten electrode manufacturer was taken as an example,the radiation pollution environment in its radiation workplace was detected.The radiation pollution sources,radioactive pollution management key points and radiation pollution prevention and control measures were analyzed.Results The maximum monitoring value of the air absorbed dose rate of gamma-ray in each workplace was 0.32μGy/h.The maximum monitoring value of alpha surface contamination level on each work table was 17.75 Bq/cm^2 and that of beta surface contamination level was 35.55 Bq/cm^2.The maximum level of surface contamination for the working clothes and gloves of staff in each post was 0.38 Bq/cm^2,and that of beta contamination level was 4.00 Bq/cm^2.Conclusion The radiation pollution of Thorium-Tungsten electrode production site is controllable to the surrounding environment,professional staff and public personnel under the implementation of radiation safety management system and radiation safety protection measures.