针刺改善痴呆神经炎症的作用机制探讨——小胶质细胞激活抑制途径

Acupuncture in Neuroinflammation Regulation May be Related to the Inhibition of M1 Microglial Activation Involved in Dementia

针灸是祖国传统医学中古老而又重要的组成部分,作为一种非药物疗法,它在世界范围内已被广泛应用于多种疾病的治疗,并获得了世界卫生组织的推荐.越来越多的临床和实验证据表明,针刺可以通过调节神经炎症,改善认知.炎症是多种神经退行性疾病共有的病理反应,如胶质细胞激活、炎症因子的增加与释放.目前,针灸抗炎领域已积累了大量工作.为探讨针灸在痴呆中改善神经炎症的作用,本综述以阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)、脑血管痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)、帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)为重点,讨论针刺在胶质细胞激活中的作用机制.研究发现,分布在14条经络上,集中在头部和四肢远端的穴位与胶质细胞激活调节关系密切,针刺可以通过抑制小胶质细胞的激活,改善神经炎症反应.在AD、VD、PD等脑病中,本文展望,由TLRs/NF-κB、MAPKs等关键通路介导,抑制M1型小胶质细胞激活途径,可能是针刺调节神经炎症反应,改善认知的关键机制之一.

Acupuncture is an ancient and important part of traditional Chinese medicine.As a non-pharmacological intervention recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO),acupuncture is widely used in the treatment of a variety of diseases.A large number of clinical and experimental evidences show that acupuncture can improve cognition by regulating neuroinflammation.Inflammation is a common pathological reaction of many neurodegenerative diseases,such as the activation of glial cells,the increase and release of inflammatory factors.Currently,a great deal of work progresses in the field of acupuncture in the field of antiinflammation.To summarize the role of acupuncture in improving neuroinflammation in dementia,this review focuses on brain diseases and discusses the mechanism of acupuncture in the activation of glial cells in Alzheimer’s disease(AD),vascular dementia(VD),Parkinson’s disease(PD).Those acupoints distributed in 14 meridians and concentrated in the head and the distal extremities,are closely related to the activation and regulation of microglia.As described by recent studies,the inhibition of M1 microglial activation mediated by TLRs/NF-κB and MAPKs pathways may be one of the key mechanisms of acupuncture regulating neuroinflammatory response and improving cognitive impairment in AD,VD and PD.