亦谱亦志:清代西南土司族谱编纂的方志化研究——以亮寨蛮夷长官司为例

Genealogy and Local History:The Trend of Local History Compilation of Tusi Genealogies in the Southwest of the Qing Dynasty:A Case Study of Liangzhai Tusi

元代始置亮寨蛮夷长官司,历经明清时代的变迁,至晚清袭替停止。作为基层的管理单位和地理单元,它不仅履行着朝廷赋予的职责,管理着大小不一的村寨,有固定的辖区,还是地方文化建设的核心力量,族谱的编修,就是其中之一。龙氏族谱的修纂,亦谱亦志,方志化特征明显,其主因乃亮寨蛮夷长官司长官为一姓世袭,又系羁縻政区,故其族谱所体现出来者,既是龙氏一族的族谱,也是该土司政区的地方志。而谱中族人求序于仕宦的经历以及“君恩、祖德、地灵、人杰、旧典、遗文”等内容的选取与书写,汇集成强烈的国家认同意识,引导人们在敬宗收族的基础上,逐渐形成了稳固的国家认同。

The Liangzhai Tusi was established in the Yuan Dynasty.After the changes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,it was abolished at the end of the Qing Dynasty.As the grassroots management and geographic unit,Liangzhai Tusi not only performed the duties assigned by the court,but also managed villages of different sizes,with fixed jurisdictions,and was also the core force for local cultural construction.The compilation of genealogy is one of them.The compilation of the genealogy of the Long clan has obvious characteristics of local history.The main reason is that the chief of the chieftain of Liangzhai is a hereditary surname and is also in the administrative district of Jimi.Therefore,its genealogy shows that it is not only the genealogy of the Long family,but also the local history of the chieftain’s administrative district.And the people in the genealogy asked the officials to write the preface,as well as the selection and writing of content such as“Jun’s grace,ancestors,earth spirits,outstanding people,old classics,and posthumous writings”,which brought together a strong sense of national identity,on the basis of Jingzong and ethnic gathering,gradually guiding people to form a solid national identity.