抒情传统遭遇性别政治:《红楼梦》与文学典范的近现代转移

Lyrical Tradition in Gender Politics: Dream of Red Mansions and the Modern Shift of Literary Paradigm

《红楼梦》将"有情之宇宙"确立为中华美典,同时将"理想世界"(乌托邦)与现实世界的二分作为文学结构的原型,深刻影响了中国文学典范的古今之变。相比曹雪芹"补情"作为一种"审美导向",晚清"补天"话语代表了"问题导向"的新的美学思潮。以王国维、吴宓、牟宗三、余英时、高友工等人的红学阐释为线索,对照近现代文学转型可见,抒情传统与性别政治的遭遇,呈现为纯直无曲之境界与平等自由之乌托邦、温柔敦厚之情教与神魔同在之现代性的传承与转换,也将情理之辨置于文学现代性诸多冲突的核心。生命以情胜与宇宙以理彰,深刻地体现在中国女性小说乃至文学典范的转型之中。

The famous Chinese classical novel Dream of Red Mansions established the universe of love as the Chinese classic of beauty, and at the same time regarded the division between the ideal world(Utopia) and the real world as the archetype of the literary structure, which profoundly influenced the changes of the Chinese literary model in the past and the present. Compared with Cao Xueqin’s reparation as an aesthetic orientation, the discourse of repairing heaven in the late Qing Dynasty represents a new aesthetic trend oriented by problems. In Wang Guowei, Wu Mi, Mou Tsung-San, Yu Ying-shih, and Yu-kung Kao’s redology interpretation as the clue, lyrical tradition and gender politics, presents inheritance and transformation of a pure straight realm of freedom and equality of utopia and the modernity of the tender and honest affection religion with the supernatural, also puts the argument of reason at the core of many conflicts of literary modernity. Life expresses its triumph with love and the universe, which is deeply reflected in the transformation of Chinese female novels and even literary models.