我国科技工作者的职业类型及基本特点

The occupational types and basic characteristics of Chinese science and technology workers

科技工作者是指以从事科学知识和技术技能的生产、传播、扩散、应用及相关服务为职业的劳动者。按照这一定义,以《中华人民共和国职业分类大典(2015年版)》为基础,结合2019年新增职业类型,我国科技工作者职业类型共有4大类、27个中类、183个小类、677个职业。科技工作者职业总数占现有全部职业类型的近一半,主要分布在第二、第三产业,企业中的科技工作者职业类型最多,应用实践是其主体类型,工程与技术科学是其主要学科,科技工作者职业中的绿色职业和高危安全风险职业占比较高。

Science and technology workers refer to laborers engaged in the production,dissemination,diffusion,application and related services of scientific knowledge and technical skills.According to this definition,based on the Code of Occupational Classification of the People’s Republic of China(2015 Edition),combined with the types of occupations newly added in 2019,the types of Chinese science and technology workers are divided into 4 major categories,27 middle categories,183 small categories,and 677 occupations.The total number of occupations of science and technology workers accounts for nearly half of all existing occupation types,mainly distributed in the secondary and tertiary industries.The occupation types of science and technology workers in enterprises are the most.Application practice is the main subject type,and engineering and technical sciences are the main disciplines.Among the science and technology workers,green occupations and high-risk safety risk occupations account for a relatively high proportion.