量子计算、量子优势与有噪中程量子时代

Quantum computation, quantum supremacy and noisy intermidiate-scale quantum era

文章用通俗而准确的语言,简要介绍了有关量子计算的相关概念,包括量子比特、量子态、基矢态或基本量子态、量子测量、概率幅、幺正变换、量子态不可复制、量子计算、量子门、量子算法、退相干或量子噪声、量子纠错、有噪中程量子技术、量子优势等,并对有噪中程量子时代和量子优势研究的前景进行了展望。

Using popular but accurate descriptions, I briefly introduce the concepts concerning quantum computation, including qubits, quantum state, basis state, quantum measurement, unitary transformation, noncloning of quantum information, quantum computing, quantum gate, quantum algorithm, decoherence or quantum noise, quantum error correction, noisy intermidiate-scale quantum(NISQ) technology and quantum advantage or quantum supremacy. NISQ era and the prospect of quantum supremacy are commented.