利益衡量理论在我国居住权立法中的应用

The Application of Interest Measurement Theory in China’s Habitation Rights Legislation

学界关涉居住权主体及功能范围向来存在争议,有学者从居住权用益性功能为视角提出以满足不同市场社会主体多元化投资需求为旨要,而不应一味严守居住权制度本身人役性。以利益衡量理论为研究视角,需衡酌居住权不同主体及功能范围在居住权制度所体现的利益,依托不同理论预设逻辑推理,深挖我国居住权立法中存在的利益博弈,并进一步阐释居住权不同主体时和居住权不同功能范围时存在的利益冲突。居住权立法应体现我国本土实情,在我国住房社会保障制度尚不完善前提下,应遵循自然人主体以"生活性"居住为功能边界,最终落脚在居住权旨在满足自然人"生活性"居住为宗,是解决《民法典·物权编》居住权立法中居住权主体及其功能范围争议的关键。至于学界所争议居住权其他主体及功能,待民法典颁布后,在条件具备时可通过司法解释或单行立法模式予以规定。

There is always controversy about the subject and function scope of the right of habitation in the academic circle.Some scholars have proposed from the perspective of the useful function of the right of habitation to meet the diversified investment needs of the social entities in different markets,and should not strictly adhere to the human rights of habitation system itself.Taking the theory of interest measurement as the research method,it is necessary to balance the interests of different subjects and functional scopes of habitation rights in the residency system,relying on different theoretical presuppositions of logical reasoning,and deepening the interest game in China’s habitation legislation,and further explain the conflict of interest when there are different subjects of habitation rights and different functional scopes of residency rights.The legislation of habitation rights should reflect the local conditions of our country.Under the premise that China’s housing social security system is still not perfect,we should follow the principle of"life"as the functional boundary of the natural person,and finally settle down in the right of residence to meet the"life"of natural persons,it is the key to resolving the dispute over the subject of habitation and its functional scope in the legislation of the right to reside in the Civil Code.As for the other subjects and functions of the disputed habitation in the academic circle,after the promulgation of the Civil Code,it can be stipulated through judicial interpretation or a single legislative model when conditions are available.