反刍动物消化道微生物的功能与影响因素及其调控技术

Functions, Influencing Factors and Regulating Techniques of Microorganisms in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Ruminants

反刍动物消化道中含有丰富的微生物,这些微生物能将饲粮中的营养物质分解成微生物蛋白以及挥发性脂肪酸,为机体提供营养和能量。动物消化道中的微生物变化可以反映机体生理状态的变化,为一些疾病的诊断提供依据。合理有效地调控反刍动物消化道微生物有助于提高饲料利用率,进而调控机体生长代谢,最终提高其生产性能。本文主要归纳了反刍动物消化道微生物的功能及其影响因素,重点阐述了微生物的调控技术,为其在反刍动物生产中的应用提供理论参考。

Ruminant gastrointestinal tract is rich in microorganisms, which can decompose nutrients in the diet into microbial proteins and volatile fatty acids to provide nutrients and energy for animals. The composition of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of animals reflects the changes of physiological state of animals, and it also can provide a basis for the diagnosis of some diseases. Regulating the microbial community of the gastrointestinal tract is conducive to improving the utilization rate of feed, and then the digestion ability and production performance could be improved. In order to provide some useful references for producers and researchers in this field, this review summarized the functions and influencing factors of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, introduced the regulation technology of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract.