采食对荷斯坦牛两种异常口部行为的影响及其日变规律

Effect of Feeding on Two Abnormal Oral Behaviors of Dairy Cows and Its Diurnal Variation

本试验旨在研究采食对荷斯坦牛异常口部行为的影响,以及异常口部行为发生的日变规律,并初步分析产生差异的原因,以期为减少奶牛异常口部行为的发生提供有效实践的思路。选择在长江以北地区五家不同规模的奶牛场实地采集试验数据。在每家牛场,分别选出一个断奶犊牛群、育成牛群、泌乳牛群进行观察,每天于8∶00-17∶00观测8-10次,连续观测3d,对有异常行为的奶牛进行记录统计。结果表明:荷斯坦牛异常口部行为发生率泌乳牛群显著低于育成牛群(P<0.05),育成牛群又显著低于断奶犊牛群(P<0.05),且断奶犊牛群异常口部行为发生率日变化波动幅度最大(极差7.35±0.86%),育成牛群次之(极差4.33±0.56%),泌乳牛群最小(极差2.17±0.44%),三者差异显著(P<0.05);采食期间荷斯坦牛卷舌行为发生率相较采食前后显著降低(P<0.05),过度梳理行为发生率相较采食前后差异不显著(P>0.05),但有升高趋势。由此得出,荷斯坦牛日间异常口部行为发生率及其变化幅度由断奶犊牛、育成牛到泌乳牛显著降低,并受到采食行为的影响。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of feeding on two abnormal oral behaviors of Holstein dairy cows and the diurnal variation law of abnormal oral behaviors. The reasons for the differences were analyzed in order to provide ideas for effective practice to reduce the incidence of abnormal oral behaviors of dairy cows. Five dairy farms of different scales were selected in the area north of the Yangtze River to collect experimental data on the spot. In each dairy farm, one weaned calf herd, one growing cow herd and one lactating cow herd were selected for observation, each herd was observed 8-10 times a day between 8: 00~17: 00, and continuous observation for 3 days, and the cows with abnormal oral behaviors were recorded and counted. The results showed that the incidence of abnormal oral behavior in lactating cows was significantly lower than that in growing cows(P<0.05), and the incidence of abnormal oral behavior in growing cows was significantly lower than that in weaning calves(P<0.05);The diurnal fluctuation range of incidence of abnormal oral behavior in weaning calves(range: 7.35%±0.86) was the largest, followed by growing cows(range: 4.33%±0.56), and the fluctuation of lactating cows(range: 2.17%±0.44) was the smallest(P<0.05);The incidence of tongue rolling of Holstein cows during feeding decreased significantly compared with that before and after feeding(P<0.05), and the incidence of excessive grooming did not differ significantly compared with that before and after feeding(P<0.05), but had an upward trend. It is concluded that the incidence and its diurnal fluctuation range of the two abnormal oral behaviors in Holstein cows are significantly reduced from weaned calves, growing cows to lactating cows, and both of them are affected by feeding.