公共教育支出结构、人力资本与区域工业劳动生产率

Public Education Expenditure Structure,Human Capital and Regional Industrial Labor Productivity

使用2006-2015年我国30个省份(西藏除外)面板数据,检验了公共教育支出结构对工业劳动生产率的经济效应,从人力资本积累的角度识别了各类公共教育支出的影响渠道。研究表明,义务教育支出对工业全行业的增长效应主要表现为直接影响,但会随着人力资本水平的提高削弱其对资本密集型行业的积极影响;中等教育支出主要通过人力资本的中介效应带动全行业的增长;高等教育支出的影响渠道表现在对工业全行业的影响既存在人力资本的中介效应,又存在人力资本的调节效应,但二者作用相反,最终表现为对工业劳动生产率影响的不确定性。建议通过提高高等教育投入的质量、提高高等教育支出效率等政策来促进我国工业的长足发展,避免由于产业升级带来的产业空心化。

This paper uses panel data of 30 provinces except Tibet from 2006 to2015 to test the economic effect of public education expenditure structure on industrial labor productivity,and identifies the influence channels of various public education expenditure from the perspective of human capital accumulation.The result shows that the growth effect of compulsory education expenditure on the whole industry is mainly manifested as a direct impact,but the positive impact is weakened on capital intensive industry as the human capital level improves.The secondary education mainly drives the growth of the whole industry through the intermediary effect of human capital.The influence channel of higher education expenditure lies in both the intermediary effect and the adjustment effect of human capital on the whole industry.However,these two effects are opposite,and the final manifestation is the uncertainty of the impact on industrial labor productivity.This paper suggests that we should improve the quality of higher education investment,and the efficiency of higher education expenditure to promote the great development of Chinese industry,and avoid the industrial hollowing out caused by industrial upgrading.