基于水力模型的排水系统防涝应急调度预案制定

Formulation of Emergency Dispatching Plan for Waterlogging Prevention of Drainage System Based on Hydraulic Model

为提高排水系统遭遇暴雨灾害时的应急调度处置能力,同时尽量减少降雨放江带来的面源污染,以上海市中心城区肇嘉浜和鲁班排水系统为例,针对气象暴雨蓝、黄、橙、红四色预警等级,以排水管网水力模型为研究工具,在分析污水干线系统外排能力、排水系统管道调蓄能力、系统预降水位、开泵水位等关键因素的基础上,研究制定了排水系统防涝应急调度预案。结果表明,在蓝色预警情况下,按照建议的调度方式可完全保障地区防汛安全,并减少泵站放江;在黄色和橙色预警情况下,鲁班排水系统没有积水风险,肇嘉浜排水系统低洼地区(低于2.5 m)存在一定的积水风险;在红色预警情况下,两个排水系统的低洼地带(低于2.9 m)都存在一定的积水风险,需要提前做好抢险避险等应急处置措施。

In order to improve emergency dispatching and disposal capacity of the drainage system suffering from rainstorm and minimize non-point source pollution to rivers caused by rainfall,an emergency dispatching plan for waterlogging prevention of drainage system was formulated in Zhaojiabang and Luban drainage systems of the central urban area of Shanghai.Aimed at four-color early warning levels(blue,yellow,orange and red)of meteorological storms,the hydraulic model of drainage pipe network was used to analyze the key factors such as discharge capacity of sewage trunk system,regulation and storage capacity of the drainage pipe system,pre-falling water level of the system and water level of pumping station.In the case of blue warning,the proposed dispatching mode could fully guarantee the regional flood control safety and reduce the discharge of pump stations to rivers.In the case of yellow and orange warning,there was no waterlogging risk in Luban drainage system,and there were certain risks in low-lying areas(below 2.5 m)of Zhaojiabang drainage system.In the case of red warning,there was a certain waterlogging risk in low-lying areas(below 2.9 m)of the two systems,and it was necessary to take emergency measures such as rescue and avoidance in advance.