煤炭地下气化产业与技术发展的主要问题及对策

Main Problems and Countermeasures of Underground Coal Gasification Industrial and Technological Development

煤炭地下气化可实现煤炭资源清洁开采和利用,催生新的战略替代能源。国外自20世纪30年代开始了煤炭地下气化技术研究和现场试验,主要采用巷道式及浅层钻井式煤炭地下气化工艺。目前,浅层钻井式煤炭地下气化前端工艺基本成熟,但规模化开发技术尚未突破,受环保政策、资源条件、技术局限等因素限制,工业化进展缓慢,还需要在地质评价和选址、基础实验、气化炉建造、气化运行控制工艺、粗煤气综合利用、井下工程技术、规模化开发技术等方面取得进一步突破,并解决温室气体排放及项目经济性等问题。煤炭地下气化未来将由浅层向中深层发展,粗煤气处理技术将由单一发电向深加工、综合利用方向发展。大型石油企业具有发展煤炭地下气化的战略需求、资源基础和技术条件,应发挥上下游一体化综合优势,建立科研、试验、生产及工程技术服务一体化运营模式,加快推进煤炭地下气化商业化开发进程,引领产业发展。

Underground coal gasification can bring about clean production and utilization of coal resources,offering new substitute strategic energy.Underground coal gasification technology came under study and field experiment in foreign countries as early as the 1930s.Roadway and shallow-layer drilling were adopted as the main underground coal gasification process.The underground coal gasification FEOL of shallow-layer drilling is basically mature at the present time,but no breakthrough has been made in the technology for large-scale development.Industrialization process is sluggish owing to some restrictions,such as environmental policies,the conditions of resources and technological limitations.It is necessary to make breakthroughs in a series of areas,such as geological assessment and selection of sites,basic experiment,construction of gasifier,gasification operational control process,comprehensive application of crude gas,downhole engineering technology,and large-scale development technology.In addition,some problems need to be solved,such as greenhouse gas emission and economic feasibility of projects.Underground coal gasification will be developed from the shallow layers to the middle and deep layers,while treatment technology of crude gas is developed towards deep processing and comprehensive application from single power generation.With the strategic demand,resources foundation and technological conditions for underground coal gasification,the large-scale petroleum enterprises should take advantage of their upstream and downstream integration to establish the integrated operational model of scientific research,experiment,production as well as engineering and technological services,thus accelerating commercialized development process of underground coal gasification and leading industrial development.