基于地理探测器的丹霞梧桐空间分布与生境因子的相关性

Correlation of spatial distribution and habitat factors of Firmiana danxiaensis based on GeoDetector

丹霞梧桐是中国丹霞地貌的特有种,识别影响其分布的主要环境驱动因子,可为保护丹霞梧桐及其生境提供科学依据。本研究以广东南雄丹霞梧桐县级自然保护区与广东丹霞山旅游风景区(核心景区)为研究区,运用地理探测器分析丹霞梧桐空间分布与两地生境因子的相关性(用q值衡量),分析要素包括地理要素(地貌形态成因类型、土壤亚类、高程、坡度、坡向)和气候要素(年均降水、年日照时数、年均相对湿度、年均风速)。结果表明:影响丹霞梧桐空间分布的主要生境因子为土壤亚类、年日照时数、地貌形态成因类型。其中,丹霞梧桐生境的各因子相关性分析中,土壤亚类、年日照时数和地貌形态成因类型的q值大于所有因子q值的均值,具有较强相关性;丹霞梧桐生境因子的两两组合中,地貌形态成因类型∩年日照时数和土壤亚类∩年日照时数的交互作用表现为双因子增强且q值大于所有组合q值的均值,具有较强相关性;丹霞梧桐空间分布相关性的生态探测中,与其他各因子相比,土壤亚类、年日照时数以及地貌形态成因类型的q值具有显著差异。丹霞梧桐的空间分布主要与土壤亚类、地貌形态成因类型、年日照时数存在显著相关性,同时也表明,地理探测器为植被生境因子分析、预测物种分布等研究提供了有益的方法探索。

Firmiana danxiaensis is an endemic species of Danxia landform in China.Identifying the main driving factors of its distribution can provide scientific basis for the conservation of F.danxiaensis and related habitats.With GeoDetector,we analyzed the correlation(measured by q value)between the spatial distribution of F.danxiaens and its habitat factors in F.danxiaens Nature Reserve in Nanxiong City and the Guangdong Danxia Mountain Tourism Scenic Area(core scenic area).Factors measured in this study included geographical elements(geomorphological type,soil subtype,elevation,slope,aspect)and climatic elements(annual precipitation and annual sunshine hours,mean annual relative humidity and mean annual wind speed).Our results showed that the main habitat factors affecting the spatial distribution of F.danxiaensis were soil subtype,annual sunshine hours,and geomorphologic genesis type.The q values of those three factors were higher than the mean values of all factors.In the pairwise combination of habitat factors,the interaction between geomorphologic genesis types∩annual sunshine hours and soil subtypes∩annual sunshine hours was enhanced by two factors and the q value was greater than the mean value of all combinations,with a strong correlation.Compared with other factors,the q value of soil subtypes,annual sunshine hours and geomorphologic genesis types were significantly different in the ecological detection of spatial distribution correlation of F.danxiaensis.The spatial distribution of F.danxiaensis was significantly correlated with soil subtypes,geomorphologic genesis types and annual sunshine hours,indicating that the GeoDetector is a useful method for vegetation habitat factor analysis and species distribution prediction.