农业化民族地区牧业地位的再认识——基于内蒙古、西藏等地的实地调查

Re-recognition on Status of Animal Husbandry in Agricultural Minority Regions:Based on the Field Surveys in Inner Mongolia and Tibet

我国很多具有牧业传统的少数民族地区在由牧向农转型过程中逐步形成了半农半牧或以农为主的经济形态,从统计数据来看牧业在其生产生活中的地位日趋下降,处于一种补充或边缘的状态,由此导致很多人认为这些地区的牧业已经可有可无。但在内蒙古、西藏等地的实地调查中发现,统计数据未能充分反映现实生活,牧业在当地民众生产生活中的地位要远高于数据的显示。牧业在农业化的民族地区依然具有不可或缺的作用,履行着生活辅助、经济补充和社会保障的多重功能。我们需要对农业化民族地区的牧业地位进行重新认识,对牧业生产给予一定的政策和科技方面的扶持。

Many minority regions with the pastoral tradition have become the economic form of demi-agriculture and demi-animal husbandry in the process of agriculturalization.Statistical data shows animal husbandry is only the supplementary of people’s production and life,which led to a lot of people think that animal husbandry has been dispensable in these areas.However,we found that statistical data didn’t adequately reflect real life by the field surveys in Inner Mongolia,Tibet and other places.Animal husbandry still plays an essential role in minority regions,and fulfills the multiple functions of life assisting,economic supplement and social security.We need to re-recognize the status of animal husbandry in agricultural minority regions,and provide more supports of policy and technology on the development of animal husbandry.