试论伊索克拉底的妇女观

On Isocrates’ Concept of Women

国内学者对古希腊著名演说家伊索克拉底的研究历来比较重视,但研究多以政治思想和修辞学为主,对他演说辞中所反映的妇女观关注甚少。伊索克拉底在其演说辞中赞美妇女,这似乎与同时期希腊人对妇女普遍歧视的态度有所不同。但事实上,伊氏并非真正尊重妇女,而是力图以言语或文字赞美妇女的方式调和社会矛盾,使妇女更好地从属于男权。因此,伊索克拉底的妇女观所反映的是男性在一定条件下对妇女的某种让步而非对妇女的尊重,体现了男权社会下男性力图利用话语权精神奴役妇女的事实,是古希腊人歧视妇女的另一种表现形式。

Scholars at home have always attached importance to the study of Isocrates,the famous Greek orator,but the researches are mainly about his political thought and rhetoric while little attention is paid to his attitude towards women in his speeches.Isocrates had a lot of praise for women,which makes him seem different from other Greece at his time who held an attitude of discrimination against women.However,the author of this article believes that Isocrates did not really respect women,but hoped to praise women in verbal or literal to reconcile social contradictions so as to make women better surrender to male power.It was just men’ s concession to women under certain conditions rather than their respect for women,which reflects the fact that under the patriarchal society of ancient Greece,men tried to enslave women with the spirit of discourse power.It was another form of discrimination against women in ancient Greece.