贸易成本、技术溢出与产业空间均衡

Trade Costs,Technology Spillover,and Economic Geography Equilibrium

经济地理均衡结构是区域内外多种力量共同作用的结果,区域并非没有空间维度的“点”,区域内外均存在贸易成本,技术溢出在区域内外也是有差别的,同时,技术溢出作用于企业的固定投入,而不是企业的边际投入。从这些新的假设出发,拓展新经济地理学模型的研究,结果表明:产业集聚能提高资本的使用效率,从而使得经济系统能以较少的资本数量实现同样的生产;本地技术溢出效应增强促进了产业集聚,而跨界技术溢出效应增强与区内贸易自由度提高促进了产业分散。市场拥挤效应的存在是有前提条件的,当本地技术溢出效应过大,或跨界技术溢出效应过小,或区际贸易自由度过大,或区内贸易自由度过小时,将会导致市场拥挤效应消失;工业劳动力的流动缩小了对称结构稳定的贸易自由度范围,扩大了核心—边缘结构稳定的贸易自由度范围。随着区际贸易自由度的变化,产业空间结构的演化表现出渐变的特征,而不是突变的特征。

The equilibrium structure of economic geography is the result of combined effect of both internal and external forces,so this paper no longer regards region as“point”without spatial dimensions and holds that trade cost exist in both inside and outside of the region,and local technology spillover effect also differs from the trans-boundary one.Meanwhile,technology spillovers work on companies'fixed inputs,not the marginal one.Based on these new assumptions,the new economic geography model developed in this paper shows that:Industrial agglomeration can lead a more efficient use of capital,which sustain the economic system with less capital amount to achieve identical output of its counterpart.The strengthening of local technology spillovers stimulates agglomeration,while the strengthening of trans-boundary technology spillover effect and the increase of intraregional trade of freeness lead to dispersion.The existence of the market crowding effect has prerequisites.If local technology spillover effect and interregional trade freeness are high enough,or trans-boundary technology spillover effect and intraregional trade freeness are low enough,the market crowding effect will be out of existence;Industrial labor flow reduces the range of trade freeness that maintains a stable symmetric structure,which in turn expands the scope of trade freeness that enables a center-periphery equilibrium;With the change of interregional trade of freedom,the evolution of the industrial spatial structure tends to be gradual,rather than a sudden change.