基于三者互作解析的虫媒植物病害前沿防控技术研发策略

Development of Cutting-edge Prevention and Control Strategy for Vector-borne Plant Diseases Based on Tripartite Interactions

虫媒病害是我国农业高产稳产的重大威胁之一,粮食作物、经济作物以及柑橘等多年生木本作物的病毒病害、细菌病害给我国乃至全球农业生产带来了严重的损失。介体昆虫在虫媒病害的流行和传播过程中发挥着重要作用,而虫媒病原的抗性基因研究在主要作物中匮乏,介体昆虫的抗性基因研究尚属空白,所以目前农业生产高度依赖化学杀虫剂对虫媒病害进行防治,导致昆虫耐药性和环境污染等问题,严重影响了我国和世界人民"舌尖上的安全"和生态文明建设。因此,深入探索病原—昆虫—植物三者互惠共生、协同进化的机制,研究农业生态系统中多病原、微生物组、昆虫群落包括天敌等生态因子和环境因子,明确病害流行、爆发、控制过程中的机制和调控关键节点,设计靶向性强、生态安全的新型调控剂和植物保护方案,均将为虫媒病毒的绿色防控提供新的理论基础。本文提出了病原—昆虫—植物三者互作的理论假说体系,包括了三者互作的核心、内层和外围组成;简要总结了三者互作的主要科学问题和目前研究现状;明确了现阶段主要集中于植物挥发物、植物激素以及外界环境在病原—昆虫—植物三者互作中的作用研究;分析了未来在三者互作研究过程中可能存在的瓶颈问题;力求为虫媒病害的绿色防控提供有力的理论基础和技术支持。

Vector-borne diseases are the great threat to China’s agricultural production,and have caused serious losses to global economic production.Vector insects play an important role in the epidemic and spread of vector-borne diseases.As the available resistance genes against these vector insects and vectorborne diseases are very limited in major crops.At present,the control of vector-borne diseases mainly depends on chemical pesticides,which leads to insect resistance and environmental pollution problems.Therefore,we need to further explore mechanisms of virus-insect-plant mutualism,which lay new theoretical basis for green prevention and control of vector-borne diseases.This article briefly summarizes the major scientific questions and current research status of tripartite interactions.At this stage,it mainly focuses on the function of plant volatiles,plant hormones,and the environmental factors in virus-insectplant interactions.We propose new research perspectives and raise some of key scientific questions to be answered during tripartite interactions processes.These new studies of tripartite interactions will provide further directions and strong technical supports for green prevention and control of vector-borne diseases in the future.