露天矿土地复垦三维可视化研究

Three-dimensional Visualization Study of Land Reclamation for Open Pit Mines

随着无人机摄影测量技术和GIS技术的快速发展,倾斜摄影测量及三维建模技术被广泛应用于国土、城市规划,智慧城市建设等领域。传统的矿区二维复垦规划不利于实现高效的规划方案评价、规划成果展示以及规划前后效果对比。通过无人机倾斜摄影测量获取三维数据,基于SuperMap软件,对矿区土地复垦三维景观建模及可视化方法进行了研究。以唐山市某露天矿为例,利用无人机倾斜摄影测量进行数据采集,分别使用Pix4D mapper和Smart3D Capture软件进行数据处理,从而获取矿区的现状数据。根据现状数据和规划方案,使用AutoCAD软件完成平台和边坡的土地复垦方案设计。将AutoCAD复垦方案转到ArcGIS平台下进行不规划三角网(TIN)地形建模,将构建后的TIN网转为中间软件Sketchup格式后再转为3DMax格式,在3DMax软件中进行纹理贴图精细建模。将3DMax精细三维模型在保证空间参考不变的前提下转为SuperMap软件格式,最终在SuperMap软件中实现了土地复垦方案评价、规划效果展示以及规划前后对比。研究表明:在无人机倾斜摄影测量数据的基础上,将规划模型在不丢失三维纹理渲染效果、空间参考不变的前提下经过多种GIS平台转化,实现了基于SuperMap软件规划数据与现状数据的无缝拼接的真三维可视化,对于基于无人机矿山生态修复规划的三维建模有一定的借鉴意义。

With the rapid development of UAV photogrammetry technology and GIS technology,oblique photogrammetry and three-dimensional modeling have been widely used in territorial planning,city planning,smart cities,etc..Traditional reclamation planning of two-dimensional mining areas is not conducive to the evaluation of the planning scheme,cannot show the planning effect and the comparison of the effect before and after the planning.Three-dimensional data is obtained by UAB oblique photogrammetry,and the three-dimensional modeling and visualization method of landscapes of land reclamation of mining area are studied by SuperMap software.Taking an open-pit mine in Tangshan City as an example,dates of the mining area is collected by UAV oblique photogrammetry,and processed by Pix4D mapper and Smart3D Capture softwares,so as to obtain the present data of the mining area.According to the present data and planning scheme,reclamation plans of the platform and slope are designed by using AutoCAD software.The AutoCAD reclamation scheme is transferred to the ArcGIS platform for unplanned triangular network(TIN)terrain modeling,the TIN mesh is converted to Sketchup in the intermediate software and then 3DMax,and the texture mapping is modeled in 3DMax.The 3DMax fine 3D model is transformed into SuperMap software format on the premise that the spatial reference is not changed.Finally,the land reclamation plan evaluation,planning effect display and planning before and after comparison are realized in the SuperMap software.The study results show that on the basis of tilt photogrammetric data of UAV,the planning model is transformed through a variety of GIS platforms without losing 3D texture rendering effect and constant spatial reference,realizing the true 3D visualization of seamless splicing of planning data and current data based on SuperMap software,which can be used for the reference for 3D modeling of mine ecological restoration planning based on UAV.