基于线粒体基因对穿山甲鳞片和犀牛角物种鉴定

Species identification for the pangolin scale and rhino horn based on mitochondrial DNA

全球现存8种穿山甲,均列入CITES附录Ⅰ,其鳞片是我国名贵珍稀的传统中药材;犀科所有种列入CITES附录Ⅰ或Ⅱ,在我国已灭绝,其犀角是优质雕刻材料;穿山甲和犀牛在我国均禁止非法捕猎及其贸易。本研究收到待检的动物鳞片和犀角各1份,通过形态学观察、分子鉴定两种方法来确定检材种属,为野生动物保护案件的审理提供鉴定依据。根据形态观察方法初步确定检材鳞片、犀角分别为穿山甲科物种和犀科物种,应用线粒体细胞色素b(Cytb)通用引物对检材样品进行扩增、测序。利用NJ和MM法,构建系统发育树,成功确定检材为大穿山甲和白犀。大穿山甲和白犀都是受威胁物种,它们分别被IUCN列入EN和NT等级。

Eight extant species of pangolins in the world are listed in Appendix Ⅰ of the CITES. Pongolin scales are precionus, rare traditional Chinese medicine. All species of rhinos are listed in Appendix Ⅰ or Ⅱ of the CITES. They have been extinct in China and their rhino horns are high-quality carving materials. Pangolins and rhinos are prohibited from illegally hunting and trade of pangolins and rhinos are prohibited in China. This study received animal scales and one rhino horn for species identification. In this study, two types of identification methods, including morphological observation and molecular identification, were used to determine the species of the test material, and to provide an identification basis for the trial of the wild animal protection cases.According to the morphological observation, the scales and rhinoceros horn were preliminarily determined to be Pangolinaceae and Rhinoceros. The mitochondrial cytochrome b(Cytb) sequences were amplified based on universal primers. On this basis,phylogenetic trees of pangolin and rhino were constructed respectively, and species were successfully identified as Manis gigantea and Ceratotherium simum.They are all threatened species, and they are classified as EN and NT by IUCN respectively.