粪水酸化储存还田应用效果

Application effect of the acidification storage of animal slurry returning to field

为探索酸化储存粪水对农田的施用效果,采用浓硫酸(H_2SO_4)酸化前后的粪水和长期储存前后粪水,开展盆栽试验研究酸化储存粪水对土壤养分和作物产量的影响。试验分别设置2个对照组:储存前和储存后的粪水,H_2SO_4酸化前和酸化后的粪水,每个处理分别设置4组施加量水平(5%、25%、50%和100%稀释比例的粪水)。试验结果表明:对于养殖粪水还田,应严格控制粪水还田比例,不宜施加浓度过高的粪水,宜控制在25%~50%施加量。粪水储存有利于土壤总氮(Total Nitrogen, TN)和总磷(Total Phosphate,TP)的固持,储存后土壤总养分(总氮、总磷和总钾(Total Potassium,TK))增加了11.32%~73.16%,SMS(储存60 d的粪水)(100%)处理产量提高了21.22%;粪水经过H_2SO_4酸化处理后,对土壤总养分影响变化较大,TN、TP和TK部分处理呈增加的趋势,HMS(25%)处理产量显著提高了27.94%;在H_2SO_4酸化的基础上储存粪水,土壤TN含量增加十分显著(P<0.05),酸化与储存联合处理减少了粪水TN的损失,对于土壤速效养分的增加有促进作用,尤其对速效N的影响较显著(P<0.05),SHMS(粪水+H_2SO_4储存60 d)(25%)处理产量提高了13.63%。该研究通过对比分析新鲜粪水、储存粪水、酸化粪水和酸化储存粪水的特性,探讨了畜禽养殖场粪水经酸化储存后的还田应用效果,为粪水还田提供技术支撑。

In recently years,China's livestock and poultry breeding industry has gradually developed in the direction of large-scale and centralization.With the continuous expansion of the scale of breeding,the problem of rapid increase of animal slurry emissions is becoming more and more seriously.Animal slurry were applicated reasonably can not only solve the problem of pollution,but also improving soil nutrients.There is a large amount of ammonium nitrogen in animal slurry.Unreasonable application will lead to the emission of a large amount of ammonia gas from animal slurry into the soil.In generally,the animal slurry should be stored for a period of time and then returned to the field.During the storage period,methane(CH4)emission was reduced,and the fertilizer efficiency of stored manure may improve.Acidification is a way to improve storage quality.At present,there are more studies abroad on the effect of treating animal slurry return to the field.However,the effect of the acidification storage of animal slurry on soil nutrients has been rarely reported in China.In order to explore the application effect about fresh(MS),acidification(HMS),storage(SMS),and acidification storage(SHSM)of animal slurry to field.The pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of animal slurry on soil nutrients and crop yield by using concentrated sulfuric acid and long-term storage of animal slurry.Two control groups were set up for the experiment:Animal slurry before and after storage,and animal slurry before and after acidification of H2SO4.Four different levels(5%,25%,50%and 100%)were set for each treatment.The results indicated that the concentration of animal slurry to the field should be strictly controlled(the level at 25%-50%).Animal slurry stored was benefit to the total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)of soil nutrients.After storage,the total nutrients(TN,TP,and total potassium(TK))increased by 11.32%-73.16%,and the crop yield of SMS(100%)increased by 21.22%.However,after the acidification with H2SO4,the effect of animal slurry on the total soil nutrients changed significantly.Compared with MS,the TP content of HMS increased by 20.21%,3.45%,14.10%and 12.82%,and the content of available phosphorus increased by 64.59%,0.48%,2.66%and 19.69%at the level of 5%-100%,respectively.The crop yield of HMS(25%)increased by 27.94%.On the basis of the H2SO4 acidized and stored,the TN content of soil increased very significantly(P<0.05),the TN content increased by 20.65%,25.14%,46.99%and 82.98%at four different level.Acidification and storage processing to reduce the loss of TN have promoting effect to the increase of soil available nutrients,especially for the effect of available nitrogen significantly(P<0.05),and the crop yield of SHMS(25%)increased by 13.63%.Reasonable application of stored manure slurry and low concentration of animal slurry acidified by H2SO4 can increase crop yield.In generally,the application of stored animal slurry can promote the total nutrients content of soil,promoting the accumulation of phosphorus,and increasing the crop production.However,it is not suitable to apply too high concentration of animal slurry,which will inhibit the yield of crops.The application amount should be controlled within the range of 25%as far as possible.