冠状病毒肺炎细胞因子风暴及免疫调控治疗

Cytokine storm and immunoregulatory therapy of coronavirus pneumonia

细胞因子风暴是一种失控的过度免疫应答,是冠状病毒肺炎的重要发病机制。病毒劫持机体的免疫系统,导致免疫调节的负反馈丧失、多种细胞因子异常升高,损害了肺泡弥散功能并造成多器官功能障碍。靶向冠状病毒细胞因子风暴的特异性治疗研究,如粒细胞集落刺激因子、托珠单抗、卡莫他特、血液净化治疗等已取得系列成果,其可能是缓解新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的有效手段。但COVID-19具有独特的病理特征,上述治疗的研究成果仍需进一步临床试验来验证。本文就冠状病毒肺炎细胞因子风暴及免疫调控治疗进展进行综述。

Cytokine storm,a runaway overwhelming immune response,plays an important part in the pathogenesis of coronavirus.The virus hijacks the immune system,resulting in a loss of negative feedback on the immune regulation and an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines,which subsequently impairs the pulmonary diffusion function and leads to multiorgan dysfunction.A series of progresses have been achieved in studies targeting the coronavirus cytokine storm,such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,tocilizumab,camostat mesylate,and blood purification treatment,which may provide effective ways to alleviate the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic.Nevertheless,further clinical verifications of the above research findings are requested due to the unique pathology of COVID-19.This paper reviews the advances in cytokine storm and immunoregulatory therapy of coronavirus pneumonia.