新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间官兵恐慌情绪状态及其影响因素

Panic state and related influencing factors among military personnel during coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak

目的探究新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情初期广大官兵的恐慌情绪状态及其影响因素。方法在COVID-19疫情初期整群随机抽取驻冀某部官兵431名,采用军人心理应激自评问卷、焦虑自评量表、COVID-19了解程度量表、心理恐慌源量表、疫情发布信息评估量表和风险认知量表进行问卷调查。结果收回有效问卷411份,回收有效率为95.36%。调查发现5.84%(24/411)的官兵处于心理应激状态,4.14%(17/411)处于心理恐慌状态,处于心理应激状态的官兵心理恐慌得分为(47.76±6.51)分,显著高于非心理应激状态的官兵[(32.95±10.94)分],差异有统计学意义(t=106.01,P<0.01);官兵对不同维度的COVID-19知识了解程度不同(χ2=91.53,P<0.01),欠缺了解比例较高的是COVID-19的相关科研进展(22.87%,94/411)和症状(20.92%,86/411);心理恐慌源主要是COVID-19传染性强、人人戴口罩和护目镜及来自互联网的信息等;在疫情发布信息中,累计发病人数、新增发病人数和累计疑似病例数是官兵较为关注的疫情信息;年龄、风险认知中的忧虑程度、本人感染的可能性、心理应激水平及COVID-19的了解程度对官兵心理恐慌有预测作用(P<0.05或P<0.01);风险认知特征各维度中COVID-19对个人和社会的影响、COVID-19造成影响的事件特性对官兵的忧虑程度有预测作用(P<0.05或P<0.01);在缓解心理恐慌措施方面,官兵更需要相关医学知识的普及。结论在COVID-19疫情初期,包括风险认知特征和心理恐慌源等在内的因素会影响官兵的心理恐慌情绪,应采取相应的措施预防官兵心理恐慌。

Objective To explore the panic state and related influencing factors among military personnel during the early epidemic stage of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods In the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic,431 officers and soldiers stationed in Hebei were randomly selected by the cluster sampling method and investigated with psychological stress self-evaluation test(PSET),self-rating anxiety scale,and self-designed questionnaires regarding the knowledge of COVID-19,sources of psychological panic scale,evaluation scale of various information released and risk perception scale.Results A total of 411 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 95.36%.The results showed that 5.84%(24/411)of the officers and soldiers were in psychological stress state and 4.14%(17/411)in psychological panic state.The psychological panic score of officers and soldiers in psychological stress state(47.76±6.51)was significantly higher than that in non-stress state(32.95±10.94),and the difference was statistically significant(t=106.01,P<0.01).There were significant differences in their understanding of different dimensions of COVID-19 knowledge(χ2=91.53,P<0.01).The high proportions of lack of understanding were found for COVID-19 related research progress(22.87%,94/411)and symptoms(20.92%,86/411).The main sources of psychological panic were the highly infectious trait of the virus,all wearing masks and eye glasses,information from the Internet and so on.Among all kinds of released information,the numbers of cumulative confirmed cases,new confirmed cases and cumulative suspected cases were the concerned epidemic information.The age,degree of anxiety in risk perception,possibility of infection,level of psychological stress and knowledge regarding COVID-19 were the predictors of psychological panic among military personnel(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Among the dimensions of risk perception,the predictors for apprehension regarding COVID-19 among military personnel included the influence of COVID-19 on individuals and society and event characteristics of COVID-19(P<0.05 or P<0.01).For the interventions of panic state,providing relevant medical knowledge was the most needed.Conclusion During the early stage of COVID-19 epidemic,factors such as risk perception and the sources of psychological panic can affect the psychological panic among military personnel.During the CVOID-19 epidemic,corresponding measures should be taken to prevent the psychological panic among the officers and soldiers.