个人主义、集体主义对军队离退休干部自评健康的影响

Influence of individualism and collectivism on self-reported health of retired military cadres

目的探讨个人主义、集体主义文化取向对军队离退休干部自评健康的影响。方法采用欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)中文版、个人主义与集体主义量表、纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表对上海、苏州等地军队干休所的112名离退休干部进行抽样调查。应用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析。结果发放问卷112份,回收有效问卷71份,有效回收率为63.39%。军队离退休干部(n=71)个人主义和集体主义取向得分低于大学生群体(n=403),差异有统计学意义(t=-4.81、-7.95,P均<0.01)。相关分析结果表明,性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、子女数目、居住情况与自评健康状况、主观幸福感、个人主义和集体主义间的相关性均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);主观幸福感、个人主义与自评健康状况之间呈正相关(r=0.44,P<0.01;r=0.29,P<0.05),集体主义与自评健康状况的相关性无统计学意义(r=0.19,P>0.05),个人主义和集体主义之间呈正相关(r=0.67,P<0.01)。分层回归分析结果表明,控制了主观幸福感的影响后,个人主义、集体主义的纳入提高了模型解释率(ΔR2=0.08,F=3.41,P<0.05);个人主义能够预测健康状况(β=0.34,P<0.05),集体主义则无法预测健康状况(β=-0.09,P=0.55)。结论个人主义文化取向是影响军队离退休干部健康状况的主要因素,而集体主义文化取向的影响不明显。

Objective To investigate the effects of individualism and collectivism on the self-reported health of military retired cadres.Methods The Chinese version of the European quality life-5 dimensions(EQ-5D),the individualismcollectivism scale,and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness were used to survey 112 retired military cadres from military cadre sanatoria in Shanghai,Suzhou and so on.The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software.Results A total of 112 questionnaires were sent out,and 71 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 63.39%.The scores of individualism and collectivism of retired military cadres(n=71)were lower than those of college students(n=403),the difference was statistically significant(t=-4.81 and-7.95,both P<0.01).Correlation analysis results showed that there was no significant correlation between gender,age,education level,marital status,children’s number,residence status and self-reported health status,subjective well-being,individualism and collectivism(all P>0.05);subjective well-being,individualism and self-reported health were positively correlated(r=0.44,P<0.01;r=0.29,P<0.05),collectivism and self-reported health were not significantly correlated(r=0.19,P>0.05),and individualism and collectivism were positively correlated(r=0.67,P<0.01).Hierarchical multiple regression showed that the inclusion of individualism and collectivism improved the model interpretation rate(ΔR2=0.08,F=3.41,P<0.05)after controlling subjective wellbeing.Individualism could predict health status(β=0.34,P<0.05),while collectivism could not(β=-0.09,P=0.55).Conclusion Individualistic cultural orientation is the main factor that affects the health of retired military cadres,while collectivist cultural orientation has no obvious effect.