慈善市场化的意涵、局限及行为选择

The Meaning, Limitations and Behavioral Choice ofPhilanthropy Marketization

方兴未艾的中国慈善事业与中国社会的发展和转型密切相连,表现为人们对慈善发展模式和方向的诸多思考,而“慈善市场化”是其中争议最大的命题之一。“慈善市场化”的各种主张之间缺乏共识,根源于人们对慈善的非营利性原则的不同态度,彰显着资本逻辑对现代慈善事业发展的影响,与当代中国市场经济发展的路径与诉求相契合。理解和把握慈善市场化,不能无视“市场失灵”的存在,也不能夸大“市场化”的工具价值及其适用程度,应树立务实稳健的慈善发展观念,设计科学合理的绩效考核体系,建立理性规范的行业问责机制,设置过度市场化的制度“防火墙”。坚持慈善事业的基本逻辑和发展路径,适度借鉴市场范式,才是把握慈善市场化的基本原则和正确态度。

Burgeoning Chinese philanthropy is closely connected with the development and transformation of Chinese society. People have many thoughts on the paradigm and direction of philanthropy development, and "Philanthropy Marketization" is one of the most controversial issues. The lack of consensus among the various propositions of "philanthropy marketization" is rooted in people’s different attitudes towards the non-profit principle of philanthropy, which highlights the influence of capital’s logic on the development of modern philanthropy, and fits the path and appeal of contemporary Chinese market economy. Besides, one cannot ignore the existence of "market failure", nor exaggerate the value and applicability of "marketization" as methodology. Based on these analyses and discussions above, the paper puts forward proposals that the philanthropy community should establish a pragmatic and stable concept of philanthropy development, design a scientific and reasonable appraisal system of philanthropy performance, establish a rational and standardized mechanism of accountability, and set up a "firewall" system against over-marketization. The fundamental principle and wise attitude of "Philanthropy marketization" is to follow the basic logic and development path of philanthropy, with appropriate reference to the market paradigm.