史实、传闻与虚构中的“赵匡胤妹妹”——试论不同文本对历史人物的叙述、改编和创造

On the Image of Zhao Kuangyin’s Sister in Historical Facts,Rumors and Fiction

正史对“赵匡胤妹妹”的记载相对真实可靠,却又简单制式,隐藏了个性化、私人化和情感化的信息,使这一人物显得较为空洞模糊。文人笔记中的记载则使之呈现出另一个可能的侧面,与正史的相关记载有区别,而与戏曲小说等俗文学艺术作品中的形象更为接近。在戏曲小说等作品中,“赵匡胤妹妹”逐渐演变为世人熟知的皇(王)姑赵美容,其中年形象为忠勇的女英雄、女将,青年形象则为刁蛮任性的公主,相比历史真实性,更注重艺术真实性。在版画插图和建筑装饰纹饰中,赵美容主要以女英雄、女将的形象出现。广东祠庙建筑中的“赵美容打飞熊”灰塑和木雕即以此为基础,结合当时的社会背景和政治环境,赋予这一人物独特的艺术价值、现实意义和时代内涵。

The official historical record of“Zhao Kuangyin’s Sister”,relatively true and reliable,but in a simple format,hides individualized,personal and emotional information,making this character empty and vague.The records in the literati’s notes it present another possible aspect,different from the relevant records in official history,but closer to the images in popular literature and art works such as operas and novels.In dramas,novels and other works,“Zhao Kuangyin’s Sister”gradually evolved into the well-known King’s sister,a brave heroine in her middle age,but savage and willful in her youth,which is more authentic in art when compared with historical authenticity.In the prints,illustrations and architectural decorations,Zhao Meirong mainly appears as a brave heroine.The gray plastic and wood sculptures of“Zhao Meirong Fighting Flying Bear”in the temple buildings in Guangdong are based on this.Combined with social background and political environment at that time,this character is given unique artistic value,practical significance and contemporary connotation.