常温下10种谷物挥发物气相-质谱测定及对印度谷螟幼虫引诱率比较

Volatile Organic Compounds Analyzed of Ten Species of Cereal by HS-SPME/GC-MS and the Comparison of Their Larva Attraction on Plodia interpunctella(Hübner)

为了探讨利用谷物挥发成分引诱害虫以增进诱捕防治效果,测定常温28℃时10种谷物中挥发性物质的种类、相对含量及挥发物对印度谷螟幼虫的引诱效果。10种谷物的顶空取样—固相微萃取/气-质谱分析得到的挥发物质包括烷、烯、芳香族、醛、醇、酸、酮、酯和呋喃共9类物质。谷物间的挥发物种类和各物质的相对含量差异显著。28℃常温下薏仁、荞麦、小麦、高粱、燕麦、小米、糜子、大麦、稻谷和玉米的挥发性特种类数量分别为30、26、23、22、20、20、19、16、15和15种。除玉米除外,有9种谷物均含其自身特有挥发性物质成分2~8种。燕麦、薏仁和高粱的引诱率最高分别为30%、25%和23%,小麦、稻谷、荞麦和玉米的引诱率在近14%,小米、大麦、糜子的引诱率小于9%。对幼虫引诱率较高的燕麦、薏仁醛类物质相对含量最高,高粱中酸类物质相对含量最高。对这三种谷物相对含量较高的醛类、酸类物质,以及其特有物质2-甲基-十六烷、3,5-辛二烯-2-醇、2,2-二甲基-1-辛醇、β-榄香烯、芳樟醇、柏木烯醇、雪松醇、正已酸乙酯、2,2,4,6,6-五甲基-庚烷、已酸、十三烷酸、邻苯二甲酸正丁酯等挥发性成分较值得进一步研究。

To explore the use of volatile components in grains to attract pests and improve the trapping control effect,volatile organic compound variety and relative content of ten kinds of cereals were determined by the methods of headspace solid-phase micro-extraction(SPME)at 28℃and GC-MS analysis.And attractive effect of the cereals on larva of the Indian moth,Plodia interpunctella(Hübner)was also assayed at same temperature.Nine categories of volatiles were found including alkanes,alkenes,aromatic aldehydes,alcohols,acids,ketones,esters and furans in headspace sampling of ten kinds of cereals by the solid phase microextraction/gas mass spectrometry analysis.There were significant differences in volatile species and relative contents among grains.The substance numbers of the volatile organic compounds from coix seeds,buckwheat,wheat,sorghum,oats,millet,broomcorn millet,barley,rice,and corn were 30,26,23,22,20,20,19,16,15,and 15 respectively.The oat,coix seeds and sorghum have the highest attraction rates which were 30%,25%and 23%,respectively.The attractive rate of wheat,rice,buckwheat and corn was about 14%,while that of millet,barley and millet was less than 9%.The relative content of aldehydes in oats and coix seeds with high attraction rate to larvae was the highest,and the relative content of acids in sorghum was the highest.Aldehydes and acids which were relatively high in these three kinds of cereals,as well as 2-Methyl-Hexadecane、3,5-Octadien-2-ol、2,2-Dimethyl-1-octanol、β-Elemene、Linalool、Cedrenol、Cedrol、Ethyl hexanoate、2,2,4,4,6-Pentamethylheptane、Hexanoic acid、Tridecanoic acid、Butyl undecyl ester phthalic acid which existed in specific volatiles in oats,coix seeds and sorghum were all worth to be further studied.