甘肃麦积方言的介词“赶”和“着”及相关问题研究

A Study of Prepositions"Zhe"and"Gan"in Maiji Dialect of Gansu Province

麦积方言“着”做介词时,有两种用法:①表示被动②引进處所;经分析我们认为被动标记“着”来源于该动词的“使让”义。“着”在与把字句共现表示被动的过程中,“着”摆脱了把字句而独立表示被动的意义,其过程是“着‘动’+N+VP>着+NP1+把+NP2+VP>着‘被’+N+VP”。“赶”在方言中的用法相对较单一,大多数情况下用作介词表示比较,只能用于差比和渐比。我们认为麦积“赶”做介词表比较的用法借自其他方言,是方言接触的结果。

There are two ways of using"zhe"as preposition in Maiji Dialect:①to indicate passivity;②to introduce place;through analysis,we think that the passive sign"zhe"comes from the meaning of the verb"to make".In the process of co-occurrence of"zhe"and"Ba"to express passivity,"zhe"gets rid of the meaning of"Ba"to express passivity independently.Its process is"Zhe Dong+N+VP>zhe+NP1+zhe+NP2+VP>Zhe Bei+N+VP".The usage of"Gan"in dialects is relatively simple.In most cases,it can only be used as preposition for comparison,and only for difference comparison and gradual comparison.We think that the use of"rush"as preposition table comparison is the result of dialect contact.