杨贤江“完人”体育教育思想之研究

Study on the Physical Education Thought of"Perfect Man"of Yang Xian-jiang

“五四”新文化运动开启的中西体育之争闪烁着文化冲突的锋芒,推动着中国人体育观念的转变。在主张“保存国粹”的复古派和主张“全盘西化”的西学派之间的论战中,以杨贤江为代表的第一批马克思主义教育家独辟蹊径,从培养“全面发展的人”入手,以“完人”为标准塑造新时代国民的体育教育路径,不但为处于探索阶段的中国体育指明了发展方向,而且为新中国体育教育提供了可资借鉴的蓝本。研究以文献资料法为研究方法,以塑造“完人”为研究视角,对杨贤江体育教育思想进行梳理,构建出杨贤江“完人”体育教育思想体系,探寻其对于中国近代体育教育乃至中国现代教育的重大意义。研究发现:杨贤江围绕“完人”这一理想人才的塑造形成了“德、智、体三育并重的学校体育观”、“中西结合的身体观”和“完善发展的闲暇教育观”等体育教育思想。他的“完人”体育教育思想重塑了当时的体育观念,推动了“人本主义”体育教育观在中国的传播,促进了马克思主义“人的全面发展”学说与中国体育教育实践的结合,在中国体育思想史和体育教育史上具有重要意义。

The competition between Chinese and western sports initiated by the new cultural movement of the"May 4th movement"sparkles with the sharp edge of cultural conflict and promotes the change of Chinese people's sports concept.Stand for"save quintessence"and advocates"wholesale westernization"restoring ancient ways the debate between the western school,represented by Yang Xian-jiang first educator takes the Marxism,from the cultivation of"all-round development of man",on the basis of"perfect"shaping a new era of national sports education path,not only at the exploration stage of China pointed out the developing direction of physical education,and for the physical education of the People's Republic of China provides a blueprint for reference.With the method of literature and materials and the perspective of shaping"perfect person",this study sorted out Yang Xianjiang's thoughts on physical education,constructed Yang Xianjiang's ideological system of"perfect person"physical education,and explored its great significance for China's modern physical education and even China's modern education.The research finds that Yang Xianjiang has formed his thoughts of physical education,such as"school sports view that pays equal attention to moral,intellectual and physical education","body view that combines Chinese and western culture"and"perfect and developed leisure education view",around the shaping of the ideal talent"perfect person".His"perfect person"sports education thought remolded the sports idea at that time,promoted the spread of"humanism"sports education view in China,promoted the combination of Marxism"the person's comprehensive development"theory and Chinese sports education practice,and had the important significance in the history of Chinese sports ideology and sports education history.