贵州省土壤pH时空变化趋势分析

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Soil pH in Guizhou Province

土壤酸化是全球生态环境面临的重要问题。通过搜集CNKI等数据库文献,选择1980—2018年贵州省各地州市耕地、林地和草地土壤pH为研究对象,利用文献分析方法,分析土壤pH时空变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明在时间变化上,2010年代土壤pH均值相较于1980年代显著下降0.31个单位(P<0.05),土壤整体呈现酸化趋势,pH<6.5的土壤面积呈增加趋势,pH>7.5的土壤面积减少;在空间变化上,从1980年代至2010年代,黔西南州、黔东南州和遵义市土壤pH均值显著下降,除贵阳市、六盘水市和铜仁市外,其他地州市也呈现下降趋势,但未达到差异显著水平。气温升高导致淋溶强度大和2010年以前的酸雨是土壤pH整体下降的可能原因,化肥的施用是耕地土壤酸化的重要影响因素。

Soil acidification is a major problem of global ecological environment.Gathering papers from CNKI and other databases,this paper chose soil pH of arable land,forest land and grassland in Guizhou from 1980 to 2018 as a research object to discuss the spatial and temporal distribution of soil pH.Results:from the perspective of temporal change,the mean soil pH decreased by 0.31 in 2010s compared with that in 1980s(P<0.05),in showed soil acidification general.The area with soil pH under 6.5 increased while the area with soil pH over 7.5 decreased.From the perspective of spatial change,the mean soil pH in Qianxinan,Qiandongnan and Zunyi decreased significantly from 1980s to 2010s.Except Guiyang,Liupanshui,and Tongren,soil pH in other cities declined as well but not significantly.It’s speculated that strongly leaching caused by temperature rising and acid rain before 2010 were the reasons for the overall soil pH decline.Applying chemical fertilizers was an important factor of soil acidification on arable land.