7种中药材对菜豆象的致死作用及趋避性初步研究

A Preliminary Study on the Lethal and Repellent Effects of Seven Chinese Medicinal Materials on Acanthoscelides obtectus

植物源杀虫剂因其低毒、低残留、选择性强、害虫不易产生抗性等优点,成为研究和开发新型储粮防护剂的热点。本文选用植物中药材艾蒿、花椒、陈皮、细辛、丁香、香椿、桉树叶对仓储害虫菜豆象进行了致死和趋避研究。结果显示7种中药材中,丁香粉、细辛粉、花椒粉和桉树叶粉对菜豆象成虫有较好的致死效果和驱避活性,而菜豆象对陈皮粉表现出一定的正趋性。丁香粉和细辛粉处理菜豆象成虫两天后校正死亡率能达到100%;当处理温度升高时,丁香粉和细辛粉杀死菜豆象成虫所需时间减少。在产卵选择和趋避效果上,丁香粉、细辛粉和花椒粉对菜豆象成虫表现出较强的驱避作用。丁香粉处理24 h内驱避率达到V级以上,48 h驱避率还有Ⅲ级;花椒粉和细辛粉处理12 h驱避率达到Ⅲ级以上,48 h后降到Ⅱ级,驱避效果显著。说明丁香粉、细辛粉和花椒粉对菜豆象具有较好的致死作用和驱避效果,可用于菜豆象的防治。

Botanical insecticides have been becoming the focus of research and development of new storage grain protection agents because of their high efficiency,low toxicity,low residue,and strong selectivity to pests.the lethal effect and repellent effect of Chinese medicinal materials.The results showed that amongseven Chinese medicinal materials,E.caryophyllata,A.sieboldii,Z.bungeanum and E.robusta leaves have better lethal and repellent effect on A.obtectus adults,while the C.reticulata showed certain positive tendency to A.obtectus adults.Meanwhile,the crude death rate of A.obtectus adults in E.caryophyllata and A.sieboldii powder treatment can reach 100%after two days.When the treatment temperature increased,the time required for E.caryophyllata and A.sieboldii powder to kill A.obtectus anults was reduced.In terms of oviposition selection and avoidance effect,E.caryophyllata,A.sieboldii and Z.bungeanum powder show strong repellent effect on A.obtectus adults.The lethal effect rate of E.caryophyllata powder reached up to V grade after 24 h,and the lethal effect rate of E.caryophyllata powder still stayed at gradeⅢafter 48 h.The repellent effect rate of Z.bungeanum powder and A.sieboldii powder up to gradeⅢin 12 h,and dropped to gradeⅡafter 48 h,the lethal effect and repellent effect were significant.Indicating that A.sieboldi,E.caryophyllata and Z.bungeanum have better lethal effect and repellent effect on A.obtectus and can be used for the control of A.obtectus.