腊罗彝语的分裂式数量短语

Split numeral quantifiers in the Lalo腊罗Yi彝dialect

腊罗彝语中的数量短语在表达不定指意义时,不跟名词构成一个名词性短语,只能出现在动词前,作为分裂式数量短语使用,语义上指向充当主语或宾语的名词,呈现“形义错配”现象。日语中存在类似的漂移式量化词。与日语不同的是,腊罗彝语的数量短语和名词紧贴在一起时,两者仍无法构成一个句法成分,腊罗彝语中不存在表达不定指意义的“名数量”结构。我们发现腊罗彝语的分裂式数量短语通过量化个体事件的子事件来达到量化个体变量的目的。当分裂式数量短语由于受到某种制约无法表达不定指意义时,作为最后的补救方式,腊罗彝语只能借助名物化关系结构迂回表达。腊罗彝语呈现出的“分裂式数量短语”现象目前在汉藏语其他语言中还未曾发现,它的成因、地理分布、语法表现以及类型学意义都有待进一步的调查研究。

In the Lalo Yi dialect,when a quantifier composed of a numeral and a classifier denotes indefiniteness,it displays the grammatical properties of a“split numeral quantifier”in which the noun and the quantifier do not form one single syntactic constituent although they are semantically related.Such split numeral quantifiers are also attested in Japanese but with different characteristics.In the Lalo Yi dialect,the noun and the numeral quantifier are phonetically split by a prosodic break(pause)in between even when they are adjacent.Various tests and evidence indicate that these numeral quantifiers cannot form a syntactic constituent with nouns.As a last resort,the Lalo Yi dialect has developed other ways such as relative clauses to encode indefiniteness.Split numeral quantifiers as such are yet unknown in other Sino-Tibetan languages.Their emergence,geographic distribution,grammatical behavior,and typological significance await further investigation.