施格研究的多维度界定

On the Multi-Dimensionality of Ergative Study

在形态欠发达的语言中,语义施格的界定以及形态、句法施格与语义施格的关系问题是考察的关键。本文通过对存有争议的语义施格进行界定,明确了施格研究的多维度性,进而尝试论证语义施格与形态、句法施格的内在关系。从本质上来看,语义施格与形态施格和句法施格是一致的,都反映了人类语言论元配置的不同模式,S与P相同的形态编码特征和句法处理方式受二者的语义关联制约,在事件概念结构参与者的自主与依存关系中,S与P共同映射更具自主性的客体。与之相对,主宾格的论元配置模式体现出语言使用者在图形和背景转换中做出的主观选择,S与A构成了事件概念结构的主要图形。

The recognition of semantic ergativity and the internal relationship among morphological,syntactic as well as semantic ergativity are the core in the study of ergativity concerning morphologically undeveloped languages.By defining the controversial semantic ergativity,this study explicates the multi-dimensionality of ergative study,and discusses the internal relationship among morphological,syntactic and semantic ergativity.There is some correspondence among semantic ergativity as well as morphological and syntactic ergativity,all of which indicate the alignment of S and P arguments,where the alignments of morphological features as well as the same syntactic constraints of S and P originate from the semantic correlations of S and P.Ergativity represents the conceptual autonomy/dependency of participants in the conceptual structure of events,with S and P embodying the theme with greater autonomy,while accusativity represents the subjective choice of language users between figure and ground,where S and A form the major figure of the conceptual structure of events.