中国民法典与社会本位

Chinese Civil Code and Society-based Concept

基于人的局限性、物尽其用以及社会共同体关系,我国民法典确立了社会本位理念。为克服权利本位导致的权利异化的现象,民法典确立了适应现代社会发展的社会本位理念。权利的本质是利益而非意志。利益不限于经济利益也包括精神利益等价值,并构成了权利的目的与前提。社会是私权主体以外的必须关注到的主体。对于利益的发现、衡量和判断,就构成了利益法学派的主要任务。利益法学有助于克服概念法学固有的僵化和封闭,是适应社会本位要求的民法方法论。认识社会本位的意义并厘清在民法典中的表现,有助于保护正当私权,从而防范社会本位在立法和司法上的滥用。

The Chinese Civil Code recognizes the limitations of human beings, exhaust the use of property, and the relationship of social communities. In order to overcome the phenomenon of alienation of right caused by the right-based concept, the Civil Code has established the society-based concept which adapts to the development of modern society. The essence of rights is interest rather than will. Interests are not limited to economic interests, but also include spiritual interests and other values, and constitute the purpose and premise of rights. So,the society is the subject that must be paid attention to except for private rights. The discovery, measurement and judgment of interests constitute the main task of the jurisprudence of Interests.The jurisprudence of interests helps to overcome the inherent rigidity and closure of jurisprudence of concepts, and it is the methodology of civil law which adapts to the needs of society-based concept. Recognizing the significance of society-based concept and clarifying its performance in the Civil Code will help protect legitimate private right and thus prevent the abuse of society-based concept in legislation and justice.