《文心雕龙·通变》文术论发微

On the Mechanics of Literary Writing of Wen Xin Diao Long·Tong Bian

《通变》篇论述的对象是创作活动中的"文辞气力",关乎文章的语言形式与艺术风格。反对循环相因,倡导积极变革,是《通变》篇立论的理论基础;在还宗经诰的同时师范汉代篇籍,参酌近代新声,贯通古今,是实现"文辞气力"之变的途径;"斟酌乎质文之间,而櫽括乎雅俗之际"是语言文辞之变需把握的标准;以"博览精阅"会通古人,在此基础上"凭情以会通,负气以适变",择取合乎个人情志表达与气质个性、又能超越时代有所创新的语言形式进行创作,是"通变"的具体路径。"参古定法"以"望今制奇",是刘勰对当世创作者在文辞气力革新方面提出的策略和要求。

The object of Tong Bian is"the lasting appeal of language and thought"in literary creation regarding language forms and artistic styles.The theoretical foundation of Liu Xie’s Tong Bian is to oppose the cyclical repeating of some traditional styles and advocate positive changes in literary composition.And the way to change"the lasting appeal of language and thought"is not only to take the Classics but also the Han writings as models,as such,by studying the new sounds of modern times to link the ancient and the modern.The touchstone of the change is to"strike a balance between substance and form and between the classical and the popular".Inheriting a legacy from and communicating with the ancients by reading the classics extensively and closely,as such,one,"using his heart to intuit the laws of continuity and adapting his vital energy to changing circumstances",can choose a language form to write,which can be well matched with his personal characteristics and also transcend his times by innovating the forms.This is the specific method of"continuity and change"."Referring to established conventions"and"studying current trends in order to renovate"are Liu Xie’s strategy and request to the contemporary writers in terms of the innovation of"the lasting appeal of language and thought".