初中留守儿童积极心理品质发展现状调查

An Investigation into the Status Quo of Left-Behind Junior High Students’ Positive Mental Characters

为了解初中留守儿童积极心理品质发展的状况和特点,本研究采用初中生积极心理品质量表,对桂林市503名初中留守儿童进行调查。结果发现,桂林市初中留守儿童积极心理品质发展水平总体良好,六个维度得分由高到底依次为:仁爱、正义、卓越、节制、勇气和智慧;在24项积极心理品质中,初中留守儿童发展最好的三项品质为感恩感激、公民责任、公正平等,发展最差的三项品质为生机活力、领导才能、创造才能;在智慧、勇气、仁爱、卓越四个维度上,父母民主型、父母专制型和父母放任型教养方式的学生的得分依次显著降低;女性初中留守儿童在勇气、仁爱、正义、节制、卓越等五个维度的得分显著高于男性初中留守儿童;在智慧、勇气和仁爱三个维度上,父母婚姻正常的初中留守儿童得分显著高于父母离异的初中留守儿童;在积极心理品质的六个维度上,学习成绩中上等、中等和中下等的学生得分均依次显著降低。本研究对初中留守儿童积极心理品质培养有借鉴意义。

This study aimed to explore the status quo and characteristics of left-behind junior high students’ positive mental characters,using the Scale for Left-Behind Junior High Students’ Positive Mental Characters to survey 503 left-behind junior high students in Guilin City.The results were as follows:The left-behind junior high students scored high in positive mental characters overall.The score sequence,from high to low,of the six dimensions was benevolence,justice,excellence,temperance,courage and wisdom;Of the 24 positive mental characters,the three best developed qualities were gratitude,civic responsibility,and fairness,and the three least developed qualities were vitality,leadership and creativity;In the four dimensions of wisdom,courage,benevolence,and excellence,significant difference was found between the scores,in descending order,of students with democratic parenting,autocratic parenting,and laissez-faire parenting respectively;In the five dimensions of courage,benevolence,justice,temperance and excellence,the scores of female students were significantly higher than those of male students;In the three dimensions of wisdom,courage and benevolence,the scores of students whose parents had normal marital status were significantly higher than the scores of students with divorced parents;In the six dimensions of positive mental characters,significant difference was found between the scores,in descending order,of students with upper intermediate,intermediate,and lower intermediate grades in their academic performance.This study could shed light on the cultivation of left-behind junior high students’ positive mental characters.