中国海洋渔业管理制度的创新研究--基于美国渔业管理经验的借鉴

Innovation of China’s Marine Fishery Management System Based on American Marine Fisheries Management Experience

对美国海洋渔业管理制度进行梳理和研究,总结出其成功经验,以期为我国海洋渔业管理制度的创新完善提供域外参考。通过对美国海洋渔业一手文献的分析,研究其有效遏制渔业资源衰退的管理方法,并综合运用学科交叉与比较研究方法,剖析其制度运行的内在机理,即在尊重海洋生态系统前提下、科学评估海洋鱼种资源数据基础上,制定渔场重建计划,采取有限准入权、份额捕捞、过程监管及社会配套等综合管理措施对海洋渔业资源进行系统性管理。最后,针对我国海洋渔业管理制度的完善,提出应在科学评估鱼种资源最大可持续生产量基础之上创新海洋渔业管理制度,将产出控制与投入控制有机结合,探索实施符合我国国情的渔业管理计划及配额捕捞模式,从而实现海洋渔业资源可持续利用的目标诉求。

The purpose of this paper is to sort out and study the marine fishery management system of the United States and summarize its successful experience,so as to provide an overseas reference for the innovation and improvement of China’s marine fishery management system.Based on the analysis of the first-hand literatures of marine fisheries in the United States,this paper studies the management methods to effectively curb the decline of fishery resources,and comprehensively uses the methods of interdisciplinary and comparative research to analyze the internal mechanism of the operation of the system,that is,on the premise of respecting the marine ecosystem,based on the scientific assessment of the data of marine fishery species resources,the plan of fishery reconstruction is formulated,and comprehensive management measures such as limited access right,share fishing,process supervision and social supporting are adopted to carry out systematic management of marine fishery resources.Finally,aiming at the perfection of marine fishery management system in China,the paper proposes that on the basis of scientific evaluation of the maximum sustainable production of fishery species resources,the marine fishery management system should be innovated,the output control and input control should be organically combined,and the fishery management plan and quota fishing mode in line with China’s national conditions should be explored and implemented,so as to achieve the goal of sustainable utilization of marine fishery resources.