英国国家生物安全体系建设分析与思考

Analysis of Biosafety System Construction in the UK

近年来,生物安全问题成为全球关注的热点。作为生物科技领域的领先者,英国较早开始布局生物安全政策,构建生物安全风险防控体系。本文通过梳理和分析英国国家生物安全战略、生物技术研发与应用、传染病和动植物疫情防控、抗生素耐药性应对、生物实验室管理、生物威胁防控和国际合作七个方面的具体政策和做法,总结英国生物安全防控体系的重要特点,包括:突出生物安全战略地位,统筹生物安全防控体系;布局生物风险评估网络,构筑有弹性的公共卫生体系;推进生物安全科技发展,规范双用生物技术管理;协同薄弱地区生物安全防控,承担生物安全国际责任。本文还借鉴英国的做法,提出对于我国的生物安全防控体系建设的几点建议,为生物安全相关研究者和政策制定者提供参考。

In recent years,biosafety has become a hot topic in the world.As a leader in the field of biotechnology,the UK started to lay out its biosafety policy earlier and established a relatively complete biosafety risk prevention and control system.By analyzing the seven aspects of biosafety policies and practices in the UK,including the national security strategy,biotechnology research and application,prevention and control of animal and plant diseases,antibiotic resistance response,biological laboratory management,prevention and control of biological threat and international cooperation,the paper summarizes the main features of the British biosafety prevention and control system,including development of national biosafety strategy guiding biosafety prevention and control system;layout of biological risk assessment network and construction of resilient public health system;promoting the development of biosafety technologies and standardizing dual-use biotechnology management;helping the vulnerable areas and bearing international responsibility.This paper also puts forward some suggestions for the construction of biosafety prevention and control system in China,to provide reference for biosafety related researchers and policy makers.