俄罗斯生物安全法律法规体系建设简析

Brief Analysis on Construction of Russian Biosafety Law and Regulation System

俄罗斯一直以来比较重视国家生物安全建设,将生物安全作为国家安全的重要战略考虑,同时非常重视生物技术能力等方面的提升,在化学和生物安全领域形成了体系化布局,在生物威胁日益严重的今天,《俄罗斯生物安全法》草案的提交将该国对生物安全建设的高度进一步提升。本文首先概述了俄罗斯生物安全法律发挥体系建设的发展背景以及俄罗斯生物安全法律法规体系建设框架的发展历程,研究发现,俄罗斯早期并未明确生物安全作为独立概念的法令,而是将化学和生物安全作为整体进行部署;随着各类生物威胁的日益严重,俄罗斯开始单独建立生物安全领域的法律监管框架,推动《俄罗斯生物安全法》草案的制定。随后,本文梳理了《俄罗斯生物安全法》草案的条文结构和重点内容,深入分析了俄罗斯在生物安全领域的布局。最后,在参考俄罗斯经验做法的基础上得到我国需加快基于完善具有中国特色的生物安全法律法规体系建设的启示,并从生物安全法律法规体系和生物安全相关布局的角度提出加快完善生物安全法律法规体系,提高我国生物安全治理能力;注重关口前移和外移,防范生物安全风险等建议。

Russia has always attached great importance to the construction of national biosafety.It regards biosafety as an important strategic consideration of national security.Meanwhile,it attaches great importance to the improvement of biotechnological capabilities.In the field of chemical and biological safety,a systematic layout has been formed.Nowadays,with the growing threat of biosafety,the submission of the draft Russian Biosafety Law will further enhance the country’s level of biosafety construction.Firstly,this paper summarizes the development background of Russia’s biosafety legal system construction and the development process of Russia’s biosafety legal system construction framework.It is found that Russia did not define biosafety as an independent concept in the early days,but deployed chemistry and biosafety as a whole.With the increasingly serious biological threats,Russia began to establish its own legal regulatory framework in the field of biosafety,and promoted the drafting of the Russian Biosafety Law.Subsequently,this paper combs the article structure and key contents of the draft Russian Biosafety Law,and deeply analyzes the layout of Russia in the field of biosafety.Finally,on the basis of referring to Russia’s experience and practice,the paper proposes the enlightenment that China needs to speed up the construction of biosafety laws and regulations system with Chinese characteristics.At the same time,this paper puts forward suggestions from the perspective of biosafety laws and regulations system and biosafety related layout:speeding up the improvement of the biosafety laws and regulations system,improving the biosafety governance capacity in our country,and paying attention to the forward movement and outward movement of the gateway to prevent biosafety risks.