不同种源刨花润楠苗期生长及叶片性状变异的研究

The Variation of Growth Traits and Leaf Morphological Characters from Different Provenances of Machilu spauhoi at Seedling Stage

以刨花润楠主要分布区的14个种源为研究对象,在广州增城开展种源试验,通过对14个种源的刨花润楠苗高、地径、叶面积、叶周长等性状进行观测,分析不同种源苗期性状的遗传变异规律。结果表明:3个生长性状种源间和种源内变异系数相当,其种源间和种源内生长性状变异均较丰富;8个叶片性状种源间的变异系数为17.52%~44.71%,不同种源间叶片性状亦变异明显;生长性状的种源遗传力均大于0.750,说明在一定程度上刨花润楠的苗高、地径等苗期生长性状受自身遗传控制,且不同种源间变异明显,种源选择潜力较大。刨花润楠苗期生长性状的地理及气候变异趋势不明显,表现出随机现象;苗木生长性状与叶片大小呈负相关,即叶片越大、叶柄越长,苗木生长有变慢的趋势;对种源苗期性状进行聚类,可将刨花润楠14个种源划分为5个类群;刨花润楠苗期生长及叶片性状有一定的地理趋势,但也有一定的随机性。以地径为标准对刨花润楠优良种源进行筛选,初步选出永春、兴安、昭平3个种源作为适宜广东地区造林的优势种源。

A provenance test was conducted in Zengcheng,Guangzhou,with 14 provenances from the main distribution areas of Machilu spauhoi.The seedling height,ground diameter,leaf area,leaf perimeter and other traits of 14 provenances of M.spauhoi were determined,and the genetic variation of seedling traits from different provenances were analyzed.The results showed that variance coefficient of 3 seedling growth traits among and within provenances were similar,respectively.The variance coefficient of 8 leaf traits ranged from 17.52%to44.71%,and significant difference of leaf traits existed from different provenances.The heritability of the growth traits were more than 0.750,which indicated that the traits of M.spauhoi seedling were controlled by genetic factors to a certain degree.There were highly significant differences among seedling traits,which indicated that the selection of provenances for M.spauhoi had great potential.There was no significant difference in the growth traits of the seedlings between geographical and climatic variation,with the random variation mode.The growth traits were negatively correlated with leaf size,the bigger leaves and the longer petiole,the slower the growth of seedlings.The growth traits of seedling stages were selected for clustering,14 provenances were divided into 5 types by cluster analysis.The results showed that there was a certain geographical trend in seedling growth traits of M.spauhoi,but also had certain randomness.In this experiment,3 superior provenances(Yongchun,Xing’an,Zhaoping)were screened out according to diameter of seedling.