清末书院生徒的职业选择与职业经历——以南菁书院蒋维乔为例的考察

Career Choice and Career Experience of Students in Academies in Late Qing Dynasty——A Case Study of Jiang Weiqiao of Nanjing Academy

书院生徒是传统知识人的代表群体,也是近代知识人群体的重要构成基础,他们在人生路口的选择模式对理解近代中国走向意义重大。职业选择是生徒离院后必须面对的首要问题。出仕与为学本是传统知识人的最佳出路和终极价值追求,但当职业选择面对科举停废,新学、西学冲击之时,围绕价值判断所生之困境则如影随形。以蒋维乔为代表的书院生徒,皆曾面临出仕与为学的职业选择困境,他们的职业经历以出仕、为学两个维度拓展延伸却又难以逃脱传统的惯性力量的制约,折射出中国近代社会转型变动时期的种种特征。

The students in academies are the representative group of traditional intellectuals and the important foundation of modern intellectuals. Their choice mode at the entrance of life is of great significance to understand the trend of modern China. Career choice is the number one issue that students must face when they leave academy. Being officialdom and being scholar are the best ways and the ultimate value pursuit for people with traditional knowledge. But when the career choice is faced with the suspension of imperial examination and the impact of new learning and Western learning, the dilemma surrounding value judgment follows closely. The students in academies represented by Jiang Weiqiao were faced with the dilemma of career choice between being officialdom and being scholar. Their career experience expanded from the two dimensions of being officialdom and being scholar, but it was difficult to escape the restriction of traditional inertial forces, which reflected various characteristics in the period of social transformation and change in modern China.