高原生态条件下23份大葱资源的农艺性状与产量形成

Agronomic Characteristics and Yield Formation of 23 Welsh-onion Resources Under Plateau Ecological Conditions

为了探究高原生态条件下大葱植株的农艺性状及其与产量之间的关系,以青海省引进的23份大葱资源为试验材料,统计测定其根系强弱、叶片挺直度、叶姿等13项质量性状和产量、株高、株幅等9项数量性状,并进行相关分析、主成分分析、通径分析、回归分析等多重分析。结果表明:大葱资源的13个质量性状的遗传多样性丰富,其多样性指数在0.18~1.03之间;9个数量性状变异丰富,其变异系数范围为9.07%~260.09%。相关性分析表明,大葱产量与单株叶数极显著负相关,与株高、假茎长、叶横径、株幅正相关。主成分分析提取3个主成分,主成分1为低产型品种形态因子(单株叶数、叶片长和分蘖数),主成分2为高产型假茎因子(假茎横径和假茎长),主成分3为高产控制因子(产量和株高)。通径分析表明,单株叶数对产量产生负向直接影响,株高对产量产生正向直接影响,分蘖数通过影响其他性状对产量产生负向间接影响。结合回归方程,确定单株叶数和株高为影响大葱产量的主要因子,可以作为青海高原大葱高产育种的重要指标。

In order to reasonably select excellent welsh-onion high-yield traits under plateau ecological conditions,in this study,23 welsh-onion resources introduced to Qinghai were used as materials to carry out multiple analyses of statistically determined agronomic characters.The results showed that the variation of phenotypic diversity in welsh-onion were abundant.Among 13 qualitative traits,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 0.18~1.03.Among 9 quantitative traits,the variation coefficient ranged from 9.07%~260.09%.Through correlation analysis,the yield and leaf number per plant were significantly negative correlation,but a positive correlation with plant height,pseudostem length,leaf width and plant width.By principal component analysis,three principal components were extracted,including principal component 1:morphological factors of low-yielding varieties(leaf number per plant,leaf length and tillers per plant),principal component 2:high-yielding pseudostem factors(pseudostem width and pseudostem length)and principal component 3:high-yield control factors(yield and plant height).Path analysis results showed that the yield would be influenced by leaf number per plant negative directly,by plant height positive directly,and by tillers per plant negative indirectly.The results of regression analysis indicated that leaf number per plant and plant height were determined as the main factors affecting the yield of welsh-onion,which could be used as important indicators for high-yield breeding of welsh-onion in Qinghai Plateau.