高比能超级电容器:电极材料、电解质和能量密度限制原理

High energy density supercapacitors:electrode material,electrolyte andenergy density limitation principle

超级电容器是一种功率型储能器件,具有高功率密度和长循环寿命等优点。但是其能量密度很低,这限制了更宽范围的应用。本文首先介绍目前超级电容器工作原理,归纳总结了电极材料应具有的特点以及目前研究进展,然后总结了水系、有机系和离子液体电解质的特点及相关进展。最后指出了超级电容器能量密度限制原因和影响因素,并且从电极材料、电解质以及超级电容器结构三个方面出发,分析讨论超级电容器能量密度的提升措施。

Supercapacitors are power-type energy storage devices with high power density and long cycle life.However,the low energy density limits wider applications.In this paper,the working principle of supercapacitors was first introduced,and the characteristics of electrode materials needed and current progress were summarized.Then,the characteristics and related progress of aqueous,organic and ionic liquid electrolytes were introduced.Finally,the principle and the factors of energy density limitation of supercapacitors were pointed out,and the improvement methods were discussed from the aspects of electrode materials,electrolytes and the structure of supercapacitors,respectively.