12-13世纪粟特—回鹘商人与草原游牧民的互动

The Interaction between Sogdian-Uighur Merchants and Steppe Nomads from the 12th to the 13th Century

12-13世纪,活跃在中国北方的商人主要是信奉景教和佛教的粟特—回鹘商人,另包括一小部分穆斯林商人。克烈部人脱不花投奔铁木真,表明金朝的萌古乣是设置在汪古部地界内的,当时的汪古部和蒙古部之间有着密切往来。回回商人阿三是假借商人名分,经汪古部推荐投奔铁木真的。镇海是通汉、蒙古、回鹘、波斯等多种语言文字的回鹘商人,他可能在华北地区行商时,通过蒙金之间的榷场交易结识了铁木真。吐鲁番高昌故城出土U5328回鹘语文书反映,12-13世纪粟特—回鹘商人仍然在与草原游牧民进行着交易。

From the 12th to the 13th century,the most active merchants in northern China were Sogdian-Uighur merchants who believed in Nestorianism and Buddhism,and also included a small number of Muslim merchants.Because the fact that TüBuqa of Kereit tribepledged allegiance to Temüjin showed that Meng Gu Jiu萌古乣of the Jin Dynasty was set up in the boundary of Onggud tribe.And there was a close contact between Onggud tribe and Mongol tribe at that time.Hassan,a Hui Hui回回merchant,might vow loyalty to Temüjin in the name of a businessman with the recommendation of Onggud tribe.Cinqay was a Uighur merchant who masteded many languages,such as the Han language,Mongolian,Uighur and Farsi.He probably encountered Temüjin through the trade between Mongol tribe and Jin dynasty when he was in north of China.The U5328 Uighur manuscript unearthed in ancient ruins of Gaochang高昌in Turpan reflects that Sogdian-Uighur merchants were still trading with steppe nomads in the 12th and the 13th century.