不同年龄妇女妊娠结局及影响因素分析

Analysis of pregnancy outcomes and influencing factors of women of different ages

目的探讨不同年龄妇女的妊娠结局,并分析其影响因素。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,随机选取2016年1月至2018年6月在南宁市人口和计划生育服务中心行孕前优生检查的600名育龄女性作为研究对象。根据年龄分为高龄组(年龄≥35岁,300例)与适龄组(20岁≤年龄<35岁,300例)。收集研究对象的孕期检查资料,比较两组对象1年内的自然受孕率及妊娠妇女的妊娠期并发症发生情况和妊娠结局。结果两组对象的一般资料比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。高龄组的1年自然受孕率(30.67%)显著低于适龄组(44.00%)(P<0.05)。高龄组中自然受孕92例,适龄组中自然受孕132例。两组中妊娠妇女的前置胎盘发生率比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);高龄组的先兆流产、妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病发生率均显著高于适龄组(P<0.05)。高龄组流产、异位妊娠、早产发生率均显著高于适龄组(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,先兆流产、妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病是影响高龄妇女不良妊娠结局的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论高龄妇女自然受孕率较适龄妇女明显降低,且妊娠期并发症和不良妊娠结局的发生风险增高。先兆流产、妊娠期高血压及妊娠期糖尿病均可能影响高龄妇女的妊娠结局。

Objective:To explore the pregnancy outcomes of women of different ages,and analyze their influencing factors.Methods:A prospective study was used to randomly select 600 women of childbearing age who underwent pre-pregnancy eugenics examinations in the Nanning Population and Family Planning Service Center from January 2016 to June 2018 as subjects for clinical analysis.The patients were grouped according to age:the elderly group(≥35 years,n=300)and age-appropriate group(20-35 years,n=300).The pregnancy examination data of women were collected,and the natural conception rate within 1 year and the occurrence of pregnancy complications and pregnancy outcomes in the pregnant women were compared between the two groups.Results:There was no significant difference in general data between the two groups(P>0.05).The one-year natural conception rate(30.67%)in the elderly group was significantly lower than that in the age-appropriate group(44.00%)(P<0.05).There were 92 cases of natural conception in the elderly group and 132 cases of natural conception in the age-appropriate group.There was no significant difference in the incidence of placenta previa between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence rates of threatened abortion,gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes in the elderly group were significantly higher than those in the age-appropriate group(P<0.05).The rates of miscarriage,ectopic pregnancy and premature delivery in the elderly group were also significantly higher than those in the age-appropriate group(P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that threatened abortion,gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in elderly women(P<0.05).Conclusions:The natural pregnancy rate of elderly women is significantly lower than that of women of appropriate age,and the risks of complications during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes are increased in the elderly women.Threatened abortion,gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes may all affect the pregnancy outcome of elderly women.