单倍体胚胎干细胞的研究进展及应用前景

Development and application prospects of haploid embryonic stem cells

单倍体胚胎干细胞(haESCs)是只包含一组从精子或卵子遗传而来的基因组的干细胞,被称为孤雄单倍体胚胎干细胞(AG-haESCs)或孤雌单倍体胚胎干细胞(PG-haESCs)。近年来人们对haESCs的研究从脊椎动物、哺乳动物、非人灵长类动物到人类,不断取得突破性进展,建立起了各种动物的孤雄和孤雌单倍体干细胞系。haESCs既有与二倍体胚胎干细胞相似的多能性又有类似于配子的特性,故可用于产生半克隆小鼠,配合基因编辑技术与基因筛选系统,为个体水平研究基因功能和表观遗传修饰提供了强有力的工具,具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了haESCs的特性及其应用进展,提出了haESCs研究过程中尚未完全解决的关键问题以及它们在基因筛选方面的潜在应用。

Haploid embryonic stem cells(haESCs)are stem cells that contain only a set of genomes inherited from sperm or oocyte.They are called androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells(AG-haESCs)or parthenogenetic haploid embryonic stem cells(PG-haESCs).In recent years,the researches on haESCs have progressed from vertebrates,mammals,non-human primates to humans,and have made breakthroughs in the derivation of androgenetic and parthenogenetic haploid stem cells in various animals.HaESCs have pluripotency and gamete characteristics similar to diploid embryonic stem cells,which can be used to produce semi-cloned mice,providing a powerful tool for gene function and epigenetics combined with gene editing technology and genetic screening at the individual level.HaESCs have broad application prospects.This paper summarizes the characteristics of haESCs and their application progress,and presents the key issues that have not been fully resolved in the process of haESCs research,as well as their potential applications in gene screening.