美国科研诚信建设演变的制度逻辑与中国借鉴

System Logic of US Scientific Integrity Construction and its Inspiration to China

梳理美国科研诚信建设的阶段演进和制度逻辑,有助于精准把握中国科研诚信制度的当前阶段与制度目标。纵观美国科研诚信发展史,1981—1989的开创阶段重在正视科研不端行为,推动科研诚信建制化;1989—2000的规范化阶段重在惩治科研不端行为,推动调查规范化;2000—2010的成熟阶段重在预防科研不端行为,强制普及科研诚信教育;2010至今的科研生态体系阶段重在确保科研诚信。以此制度逻辑为鉴,当前中国科研诚信发展具有预防科研不端行为与健全科研生态体系的双阶段并存的建构难度,亟待科学共同体的全面深度参与,及科研服务机构纳入科研诚信主体等。

It is of vital for the studies of stages evolution and system logic for the history of American scientific integrity system.It could be helpful for China to get backwardness advantage,situating more accurately at its historic stage and system target.It is the evolution of four stages of US scientific integrity construction,during 1981-1989,the stage purpose is to face with scientific misconduct and propel for institutionalizing of scientific integrity.In 1989-2000,the stage target is to punish scientific misconduct,and to normalize scientific investigation.During 2000-2010,its aim is for the protection system from scientific misconduct,and compelling for scientific integrity education.From 2010 to now,the target is to guarantee scientific integrity,with system of healthy research ecology.Inspired by above analysis,Current Chinese scientific integrity system have two aims of protecting from scientific misconduct,as well as constructing research ecology system,so as to urge for more system innovations,such as research ecology construction to cover all bodies,especially scientific community’s deep interaction,taking research service institute into scientific integrity bodies,etc.