链霉菌剂种子包衣对小麦幼穗分化及生物学特性的影响

Effect of Seed Coating with Streptomyces on Panicle Differentiation and Biological Characteristics of Wheat

为探索链霉菌对小麦幼穗分化进程及生物学特性的影响,使用娄彻氏链霉菌(D74)和密旋链霉菌(Act12)混合菌对小偃22种子进行包衣和大田种植,研究了接种链霉菌对小麦穗分化发育进程、生物学性状、光合特性、生理生化指标、穗性状及产量相关性状的影响。结果表明:(1)适量链霉菌包衣可以加快小麦幼穗分化,增加小穗原基数量与小花原基数量,在二棱期至护颖分化期,T2.5处理小穗原基数较对照增加了17.3%;在雌雄蕊原基分化期,T2.5处理的小穗原基数、小花原基数、雌雄蕊原基数和顶端花原基数分别较对照增加了1.5%、3.4%、7.1%和11.1%。(2)适量链霉菌包衣对不同生育时期的植株鲜重、根系鲜重具有明显的促进作用,其中在分蘖期,T2.5处理的植株鲜重及根系鲜重分别较对照显著增加(29.4%及50.0%)。(3)适量链霉菌包衣可影响小麦叶片内酶活性,在灌浆中期,T2.5和T5包衣处理的叶片POD活性、PPO活性、可溶性蛋白和根系活力均较对照有所提高,而MDA含量均较对照有所降低,叶片硝酸还原酶活性较对照显著提高(44.4%和66.7%)。(4)在灌浆初期,T2.5和T5包衣处理的净光合速率分别较对照提高了24.8%和41.6%,后者差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。(5)适量链霉菌包衣可以促进小麦产量的形成,T2.5处理的大、中和小型穗的穗粒数分别较对照提高了9.3%、2.2%和4.8%,产量较对照提高了4.9%。

To explore the effects of Streptomyces on spike differentiation and biological characteristics of wheat,the seeds of Xiaoyan 22 were coated with the mixture of two Streptomyces strains(S.roche D74 and S.pactum Act12)and planted in the field.The effects of Streptomyces on wheat spike differentiation and development,biological characters,photosynthetic characteristics,physiological and biochemical indices,ear characters and yield related traits were measured.The results showed that:proper amount of Streptomyces coating can speed up the panicle differentiation and increase the number of spikelet primordium and floret primordium.From the double ridge stage to the glume differentiation stage,the spikelet primordium of T2.5 treatment was increased by 17.3%compared with that of the control.At the pistil and stamen primordium differentiation stage,the spikelet primordium number,floret primordium number,pistil and stamen primordium number and the top of flower primordium number of T2.5 treatment were increased by 1.5%,3.4%,7.1%and 11.1%,respectively.It significantly promoted the plant fresh weight and root fresh weight at different growth stages,and the total plant fresh weight and root fresh weight of T2.5 treatment were increased by 29.4%(P<0.05)and 50.0%(P<0.05),respectively.The enzyme activity of wheat was affected to a certain extent.At the middle stage of grain filling,the leaf POD activity,PPO activity,soluble protein and root activity of the two treatments were higher than those of the control,while the content of MDA was lower than that of the control,and the nitrate reductase activity of the leaves was increased by 44.4%and 66.7%,respectively.At the early stage of grain filling,the net photosynthetic rate of the two treatments was increased by 24.8%and 41.6%(P<0.05),respectively.Proper concentration of Streptomyces coating can promote to form yield.The number of grains per spike of large,medium and small panicles of T2.5 treatment were increased by 9.3%,2.2%and 4.8%,respectively,and the yield was increased by 4.9%compared with that of the control.