数字普惠金融发展对城乡收入差距的影响——基于非均衡效应与门槛效应的实证分析

The Influence of Digital Inclusive Finance Development on the Urban-Rural Income Gap:Empirical Analysis Based on Disequilibrium Effect and Threshold Effect

数字技术的进步为普惠金融向"最后一公里"发展提供了新思路。针对金融排斥引发城乡收入差距的事实,基于数字普惠金融指数和中国2011-2018年省际面板数据,运用非均衡效应检验和门槛效应检验的实证方法,评估数字普惠金融发展对城乡收入差距的影响。研究发现,中国东、中、西部地区的数字普惠金融发展对城乡收入差距缩小具有显著的正向作用,并且地区之间存在差异。进一步研究发现,人均GDP小于门槛值的地区,数字普惠金融发展对城乡收入差距缩小具有显著的负向作用;人均GDP大于门槛值的地区,数字普惠金融发展对城乡收入差距缩小具有显著的正向作用。这意味着经济发展水平较高地区,农村居民能从数字普惠金融发展中获益更多。为此,应统筹城乡经济均衡发展,支持数字普惠金融向深度、广度发展,同时要加强对数字普惠金融发展的监督管理,防范互联网金融风险,以数字普惠金融的良性发展缩小城乡收入差距。

The advancement of digital technology has provided new ideas for inclusive finance to develop towards the"last mile".In response to the fact that financial exclusion caused the urban-rural income gap,based on the Digital Inclusive Financial Index and China’s provincial panel data form 2011 to 2018,this paper uses the empirical methods of the disequilibrium effect test and the threshold effect test to evaluate the impact of digital inclusive financial development on the urban-rural income gap.The study found that the development of digital inclusive finance in the eastern,central and western regions of China has a significant positive effect on narrowing the urban-rural income gap,and there are differences between regions.Further research found that in areas where the per capita GDP is less than the threshold,the development of digital inclusive finance has a significant negative effect on narrowing the urban-rural income gap;in areas where the per capita GDP is greater than the threshold,the development of digital inclusive finance has a significant positive effect on narrowing the urban-rural income gap.This means that in areas with high economic development,rural residents can benefit more from the development of digital inclusive finance.To this end,it is necessary to coordinate the balanced development of the urban and rural economy,support the development of digital inclusive finance in depth and breadth,and at the same time strengthen the supervision and management of the development of digital inclusive finance,prevent internet financial risks,and narrow the urban and rural incomes with the benign development of digital inclusive finance gap.