新媒体时代公众自救互救素养提升调查与分析

Role of new media in improving the level of community residents’self-help and mutual aid

目的了解江苏省南京市公众自救互救相关知识、技能和态度,探索现场自救互救素养提升的有效途径。方法2020年1月-2020年4月随机抽取江苏省南京市5个社区528位居民进行不记名问卷调查,包括社区居民自救互救普及现状满意度、获得自救互救技能的途径,自救互救认知情况等,利用SPSS23.0统计分析社区居民对于现场自救互救态度、知识和技能现状的认识。结果大部分社区居民对我国目前的现场自救互救知识技能普及现状是满意的,仍有11.55%的居民不满意。居民接受现场自救互救知识的途径多样,其中新媒体(微信、微博、互联网、急救科普)途径比例最多,占37.88%。现场自救互救知识普及困难原因调查中,居民学习主动性差比例最大,为33.47%,其次是社会不够重视占28.76%,开展培训方式不吸引人占21.32%,获取途径偏少占16.45%。大部分居民能够掌握心肺复苏基本知识,但自动体外除颤仪的使用、锐器刺中大腿后的处理、脚扭伤的现场处理等其他自救互救基本知识有待提高。心绞痛现场处理、卒中现场处理和抽搐现场处理完全不知道比例较高,分别为41.10%、44.13%、40.53%。62.69%的居民希望接受心肺复苏自救互救培训。结论社区居民对现场自救互救知识与技能现状较为乐观,除心肺复苏外,其他自救互救知识和现场处理技能有待提高,可采取居民接受途径最多的新媒体方式进行宣传和培训,全面提高公众现场自救互救素养。

Objective To understand the current status of knowledge, attitudes and behavioral cognition of self-rescue and mutual rescue among residents in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, and to explore effective ways for on-site self-rescue and mutual rescue training.Methods A total of 528 residents from 5 communities in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province were randomly selected to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey from January 2020 to April 2020, including the current situation of community residents’ self-help and mutual aid popularization satisfaction, the way to acquire the skills of self-help and mutual aid, and the cognition of self-help and mutual aid. SPSS 23.0 was used to statistically analyze the current status of community residents’ attitudes, knowledge and behavior towards self-help and mutual rescue on the spot.Results Most of the community residents were satisfied with the current status of on-site self-help and mutual rescue knowledge and skills in China, and 11.5% of the residents were still dissatisfied. Residents had various ways to accept on-site self-help and mutual aid knowledge, among which the new media had the largest proportion, accounting for 37.88%. In the on-site survey on the reasons for the difficulty in popularizing self-help and mutual-aid knowledge, residents had the largest percentage of poor learning initiative, at 33.47%, followed by the society ’s lack of attention to 28.76%, the lack of attractive training methods, 21.32%, and the lack of access to 16.45%. Most residents were able to master the basic knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but the use of automatic external defibrillators, the treatment of thighs after dabbing, the on-site treatment of sprained feet and other basic knowledge of self-help and mutual rescue needed to be improved. Angina treatment, stroke treatment and convulsions treatment did not show a high proportion, 41.10%, 44.13%, and 40.53%, respectively. 62.69% of the residents wished to receive CPR self-help mutual rescue training.Conclusion Community residents are more optimistic about the status of self-help and mutual rescue on site. Apart from cardiopulmonary resuscitation, other self-rescue mutual rescue knowledge and on-site processing skills need to be improved. New media methods with the most channels for residents can be adopted for publicity and training to improve the community the ability of residents to save themselves on the spot.